Contents
4. Private Sector Development and Access to finance
136
4.1. Private Sector Development for Economic Diversification
137
4.2. Financial Sector Development: Trends and Challenges
150
4.3. Financial Inclusion for Future Growth
158
4.4. Government Efforts Toward Inclusive
168
and Private Sector-led Growth
4.5. Policy Implications for Accelerating Inclusive
172
Economic
Growth
4.6. Conclusion
174
References
176
5. Trade and foreign Direct Investment in Uzbekistan
178
5.1. Uzbekistan’s Trade and International Economic
180
Cooperation: An Overview
5.2. The Evolution of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
182
in Uzbekistan: Stylized Facts
5.3. Why Does Uzbekistan Need to Liberalize Its
187
Trade and Foreign Direct Investment?
5.4. Potential Gains from Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
193
5.5. Firm Size Distribution Analysis
197
5.6. Gravity Model of Exports
199
5.7. Policy Recommendations for Trade and Foreign
203
Direct Investment Liberalization in Uzbekistan
203
Appendix 5.1: Uzbekistan’s Trading Partners
206
References
207
v
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
Tables
1.1 Ease of Doing Business Rankings, Uzbekistan, 2016 and 2018
4
1.2 External Indicators, Uzbekistan, 2005–2018
16
1.3 Ranking of Barriers to Creating Employment, Uzbekistan Enterprise 19
Survey, 2017
1.4 Poverty and Inequality Indicators, Uzbekistan,
20
2001, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016-2018
1.5 Poverty Incidence by Region, Uzbekistan, 2012
20
2.1 Road Transport Indicators, Uzbekistan, 2004 to Latest Data
31
2.2 Rail Transport Indicators, Uzbekistan, 2011–2018
37
2.3 Transport Corridors for Foreign-Traded Goods, Uzbekistan
40
2.4 Indicators of Cost of Trading Across Borders, Selected Countries, 43
2018
2.5 Logistics Performance Index Rank, Selected Countries, 2018
45
2.6 Energy Reserves, Uzbekistan, 2017
48
2.7 Supply and Consumption of Gas, by Sector, Uzbekistan, 2018
50
2.8 Enterprise Survey Results, Uzbekistan, 2013
59
2.9 Electricity Supply Projection, Uzbekistan, 2015–2020
61
2.10 Uzbekistan’s Power Generation, 1991, 2016, 2017,
61
and Projections 2017–2050
2.11 Generating Capacity of Hydropower Plants, Actual and Targeted, 62
Uzbekistan, 2017–2025
2.12 Generation Expansion Plan, by Source, Uzbekistan, 2018–2030
62
2.13 Efficiencies of Thermal Power Plants, Uzbekistan, 2013
64
2.14 Length of Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure,
65
Uzbekistan, 2017
2.15 Required Investment for Hydropower Plants, Uzbekistan
67
2.16 Tariff Rates, Uzbekistan, 2001–2018
69
2.17 Uzbekenergo’s Projected Financial Performance, 2017–2026
70
3.1 Education System, Uzbekistan, 2018
89
3.2 Top Universities Based on UniRank, Uzbekistan, 2019
101
3.3 Webometrics Ranking of Universities in Uzbekistan, 2019
101
3.4 Factors Affecting Labor Force Participation, Aged 25–55, 2013 110
3.5 Occupational and Sectoral Distribution by Gender, Aged 25–55, 112
Uzbekistan, 2013
vi
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