28
Uzbekistan Country
Gender Assessment Update
Uzkommunhizmat staff were female (footnote 88).
data from the State Committee of
Statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan differ slightly from adB data, but they still reflect
significant gender disparity in both general staff and sector management. table 5 shows the sex-
disaggregated dynamics of WSS staff in 2014–2016.
Table 5: Sex-Disaggregation of Water Supply Sector Staff, 2014–2016
(%)
year
Total
Management
Technical
Maintenance
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
2014
16.3
83.7
19.1
80.9
26.9
73.1
15.1
84.9
2015
15.4
84.6
18.1
81.9
23
77
14.4
85.6
2016
15.2
84.8
18.4
81.6
17.6
82.4
14.3
85.7
Source: Cabinet of Ministers. 2015.
On Measures to Implement the Main Directions of Development of Water Supply
Organizations and Sanitation Services (Decree of Cabinet of Ministers 306, 30 October 2015).
tashkent.
However, field data from Fergana Valley,
where heads of departments, laboratories, and human
resources, and the chief accountant are female, present a more positive picture of gender
balance in local branches of Suvokava.
87
the local Suvokava corporation supports female staff
in their reproductive rights.
88
Women who study at institutions of higher education have the
possibility of working a half-day schedule. the corporation pays bonuses in the form of catering
and food products.
4.
ADB Interventions
adB remains the country’s largest international development partner for WSS. the sector now
accounts for 14% of an active portfolio totaling $570.9 million. adB projects are focused on
improving access to safe water and sanitation, and relate directly to poverty reduction, better
health, decreased burden of unpaid work, and reduction in unproductive labor costs.
WSS projects include the completed Urban Water Supply project,
the Western Uzbekistan
Rural Water Supply project, the Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Sector project, the Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation project, and the ongoing four-
tranche, multi financed, $300 million facility for the Water Supply and Sanitation Services
Investment program and the djizzakh Sanitation System development project. the sector
portfolio also includes a $69 million Solid Waste
Management Improvement project, which was
approved in 2013. Of 11 projects, four have been closed, two were completed by 31 december
2016, and five are ongoing.
89
87
adB field survey in 2017 for this CGa update.
88
See footnote 89. prenatal leave has been prolonged from the 7th month to the 5th month of pregnancy with paid
maternity leave (two minimal state-established salaries) up to 2 years.
89
adB. 2017.
Uzbekistan: Country Portfolio Review Mission
. Uzbekistan.
Mainstreaming Gender in ADB Operations, by Sector
29
the updated Country Operations Business plan for 2017–2019 includes
two loans related to
WSS: the Western Uzbekistan Water Supply System development project and the tashkent
Region Sanitation System development project on the adB site.
90
Currently, there are five
ongoing WSS projects, all categorized under as effective gender mainstreaming (eGM).
5. Achievements and Lessons Learned
the design phase for WSS projects includes a social and gender analysis to ensure women’s
access to project-related services, participation in capacity building, hygiene promotion
activities, safe
water consumption strategies, and collection of sex-disaggregated data.
the economic effect of rehabilitated and new infrastructure is measured by savings (e.g., about
30% savings on water for basic needs in the Surkhandarya region). For a woman, this means at
least 3 working days less per month.
91
Safe water consumption and observance of the rules of sanitation and hygiene depend on basic
knowledge of sanitation and hygiene. therefore, water supply projects have significant sanitary
and hygiene components.
adB’s WSS and water resource management (WRM) projects in Uzbekistan present positive
examples of Gap implementation. Box 4 outlines some of the key achievements.
Box 5 presents some examples of WSS project impact, based
on field observations and
discussions with project beneficiaries, as well as on Gap reports.
92
6. Water resource Management Project
the Water Resource Management project relates to irrigated agriculture, a key economic area
in Uzbekistan that accounts for 90% of agricultural production and employs about 27% of the
country’s total labor force.
93
In 2017, almost half (49.3%) of the country’s population resided in
the rural areas.
94
Irrigated agriculture is the main source of livelihood in rural communities, with
livestock and farming as major sources of income.
95
Water
is an essential asset, and access to irrigation is as significant as access to land. When
households have a garden plot and market their own agricultural products, sustainable irrigation
is crucial.
Most rural women participate in several activities apart from housekeeping. In WRM project
regions, women’s income accounts for about 15% of households’ total. Over 10% of household
heads are women. Major sources of income include farm crops and livestock on home plots
(10–50 hectares) and employment in nonagricultural sectors (18%). almost 15% of women
engage in farming as part-time seasonal workers; of these, 49% are
employed by private farms
90
adB. 2016.
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