Urganch shahar xalq ta’limi bo’limi 22-son umumiy o’rta ta’lim maktabi

Articles
For the 5^th grade pupils
Ingliz tili grammatikasida mavjud bo’lgan Artikl mavzusi bizning o’zbek tili grammatikamizda mavjud emas va u o’zbek tiliga (deyarli) tarjima qilinmaydi. Shu sababdan ba’zi o’quvchilar ushbu birlikni nutqda qo’llashda biroz xatolarga yo’l qo’yishadi.
Artikllar ingliz tilida ikkiga bo’lib o’rganiladi:
Article

Indefinite Definite

(Noaniq) (Aniq)
A, an(= one) The (=that)
Ingliz tilida artikllar hamisha otlar oldidan ishlatiladi, lekin aniq va noaniq artikllarning ishlatilish uslubi turlicha. Keling ularni misollar yordamida ko’rib chiqamiz.

Noaniq artikl: a, an
Noaniq artikllar o’z nomi bilan bizga noma’lum bo’lgan va nutqimizda birinchi bor tilga olingan, sanaladigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi:
Ex: There is a book on the table
I have an apple.
Misolimizdan ham anglagan bo’lsangiz kerak, demak biz a noaniq artiklini nutqimizdagi barcha sanaladigan, birlikdagi, nutqimizda ilk bora tilga olinayotgan undosh harf bilan boshlanuvchi so’zlar oldidan ishlatamiz: a boy, a handkerchief, a fox, a hospital, a girlfriend, a cousin
Unli harflar (a, e,o,i, u) bilan boshlanuvchi birlikdagi, sanaladigan, nutqimizda birinchi bor tilga olinayotgan otlarimiz uchun esa an artiklidan foydalanamiz: an umbrella, an ox, an egg-plant, an owl and etc.
Yodda tuting! a/an faqatgina birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar oldidan,
Aniq artikl: The
Aniq artikl quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
Nutqimizda birinchi bor tilga olingan narsa haqida ikkinchi bor fikr bildirilganda:

• 
  There is a book on the table. The book is good.
  
• 
  It is an exciting book. The book is Helen’s
  

So‘zlovchi gap borayotgan narsa haqida tinglovchi biladi deb o‘ylaganida:

• 
  Open the window, please.
  

Tartib sonlar oldidan:the first, the second, the third
Sifatlarning orttirma darajasi oldidan: the fastest train, the best teacher
Musiqiy asboblar bilan: the guitar, the piano, the saxophone
Xonada yakka bo’lgan yoki aniq bo’lgan narsalar oldidan:
Ishlatiladi. Ular ko‘plikdagi hamda sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ishlatilmaydi
ex: a, desk, a pine-apple, an actress, an egg
(not a books, a jugs, an oil, an umbrellas)
Eslatib o’tamiz: Noaniq artikl quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
Birlikdagi otlar bilan: a cat, a zebra, an eye:
Biror narsa haqida birinchi marta gapirilganda: This is a book. It is a doll.

Have (has); there is dan keyin keladigan birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan:

• 
  I have a brother. There is a ball.
  

Biror narsa yoki kishining xususiyati haqida aytilganda: Ya’ni sifat+ot birikmasi qo’llanilganda:
* He is a nice man. (U yaxshi kishi)
* This playground is a wonderful place.
(Bu maydon ajoyib maskan)
Insonlarning kasbi aytilganda:

• 
  My father is a teacher.
  

the floor- pol:
the ceiling-shift;
the window- oyna;
the wall-devor; the
door-eshik(the blackboard, the table and etc)
Shaharda, mamlakatda, dunyoda yakka-yu yagona bo’lgan narsalar oldidan

• 
  The cinema, the theatre, the city centre;
  
• 
  The capital, the national park(museum),
  
• 
  The earth-yer
  
• 
  the sky-osmon
  
• 
  the sun-quyosh
  
• 
  the moon-oy
  

Dunyo tomonlari oldidan:

• 
  The east- sharq
  
• 
  The west-g’arb
  
• 
  The north –shimol
  
• 
  The south-janub
  

• 
  Her uncle is an economist.