Упражнения и задания по грамматике

8. Present Perfect


Use

1. 
   recently completed actions
   

She has tidied her room. (She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. – evidence in the present)

2. 
   actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
   

He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.)

3. 
   personal experiences / changes which have happened
   

I’ve lost 10 kilos.

4. 
   emphasis on number
   

She's written three letters since this morning. She has called on two clients since 12 o'clock.


Time expressions: just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc

Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.

I’ve been living / I’ve lived in Rome for a year.


8.1 Read these sentences about fish. Then put the verb in brackets into present perfect simple form:

About 15% of protein eaten by humans 1) (always come) has always come from fish. Recently, however, the number of fish 2) (fall) _______. Several things 3) (cause) _______ this problem. Most scientists agree that governments 4) (not do) _______ enough to stop overfishing. This means that fish populations 5) (grow) _______ smaller. Many fish 6) (not reproduce) _______ fast enough to replace their numbers. The population of North Sea cod, for example, 7) (reach) _______ a dangerous level. EU laws 8) (reduce) _______ the numbers of fishing boats. As a result, many fishermen in traditional fishing ports 9) (lose) _______ their jobs. In recent years, fish in the UK 10) (become) _______ expensive, and many people 11) (stop) _______ eating it.

8.2 Use the prompts to make a question:

e.g. you / ever / see a humming bird? – Have you ever seen a humming bird? It's the world smallest bird.

1. you / ever / read War and Peace? It's one of the longest 19th-century novels.
2. you / ever / visit San Marino? It's Europe’s second smallest country.
3. you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? It's the largest ocean in the world.
4. you / ever / take a trip to the Sahara Desert? It's one of the hottest places in the world.