№ 5 (86)
май, 2021 г.
19
Conservation of energy resources, efficient use of
energy, and production potential is one of the important
tasks of modern society.
Currently, solving lighting problems is a very urgent
issue. The load on the human eye, particularly in an ed-
ucational institution is very significant and, for this, re-
quires high-quality illumination in classrooms.
The system of automatic lighting control developed
by us allows reducing the energy consumption in the ed-
ucational institution when controlling the switching off
light in places where the level of illumination is suffi-
cient for conducting classes. Also, with the help of a mo-
tion sensor, autonomous work with illumination in the
classroom is achieved.
The aim of the perfect work is the development and
manufacture of a typical classroom with fully automated
individual lighting, as well as the development of a re-
mote control system based on the Arduino UNO micro-
controller [3].
As a rule, it is recommended to use luminaires with
a prismatic diffuser to illuminate classrooms.
The developed automatic lighting control system is
proposed to be used to create comfortable conditions in
the classroom and save energy. When using an automated
lighting control system, luminaires with light-level con-
trol sensors are used. A photoresistor sensor is installed
in the luminaires to automatically maintain a given illu-
mination level. A photoresistor sensor detects the inten-
sity of external light coming through the windows. In
clear sunny weather, when the resistance of the photore-
sistor changes, the luminous flux in the luminaire is au-
tomatically reduced, in cloudy weather or at night, the
luminous flux in the luminaires automatically increases.
The adjustment is smooth, almost imperceptible to
the human eye, in the range from 5 to 100% of the lumi-
nous flux of the lamp. When regulating, a given standard
illumination level is maintained.
In addition, there is a motion sensor in the automatic
light control system. With the help of a motion sensor,
the switching on and off of illumination is controlled
when there is movement in the classroom. That is, this
system allows you to automatically turn on the lighting
when a person is in the room. But this compares indica-
tions of current natural lighting, based on which and
lighting changes. When there is no person in the room,
completely disable the light, regardless of the current
state of natural light.
Unfortunately, the solution to the issue of additional
automatic switching on of artificial lighting depends
solely on the individual attitude of teachers to this issue,
among whom there is still a widespread opinion about
the dangers of mixed lighting, and they prefer to study
even in the twilight. This opinion is very harmful to the
human eye, as an adaptation to low light is accompanied
by excessive eye strain. With frequent repetition, this
can be one of the causes of visual impairment.
Meanwhile, research shows that mixed lighting is
harmless. It is only necessary to ensure that under mixed
lighting, two completely separate light fluxes are not
felt.
Due to this fact, when using additional artificial
lighting, the best and most promising solution is to use
an automatic control system for artificial lighting. This
system automatically turns on artificial lighting when
the level of natural light drops below 400 lux.
The developed smart classroom control system is
based on artificial lighting control, automatic door lock
control (entry-exit control), remote control of the trib-
une, as well as a video control system in the classroom
[9].
The smart class system uses a photoresistor, motion
sensor, RF-ID, and DHT -22 as control sensors.
To control light in the classroom using an LDR sen-
sor. A photoresistor (or LDR) is a component that
changes resistance depending on the amount of light
falling on it. In complete darkness, it has a maximum
resistance of hundreds of Kilo ohm, and as the illumina-
tion increases, the resistance decreases to tens of Kilo
ohm.
On its basis, it is very easy to create a circuit (Fig.1),
which provides information about the illumination level
in the form of an analog signal to the controller. For this
chain, a voltage divider created, wherein a resistor is a
photoresistor, a second – a resistor 100 ohms.
The Arduino motion sensor allows you to track the
movement of objects that emit heat in a closed area. The
developed system uses a PIR-sensor (Figure 2) : passive
infrared transducer to or pyroelectric second sensor,
which first react to movement.
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