United Nations crc/C/ind/3-4

R.. D. Upadhyay vs. State of AP & Ors., Writ Petition (civil) 559 of 1994, April 13, 2006, Sub folder ‘Judgements’, India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC Attachments.

26 ^ Family Courts, Ministry of Home Affairs, http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/Familycourts.pdf.

27 ^ Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, Oxford University Press, 2006, page 97.

28 ^ Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 98, 127.

29 ^ Amit Beri vs. Sheetal Beri, All India Reporter (AIR) Allahabad, 2006, page 267, Sub folder ‘Judgements’, India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC Attachments.

30 ^ Mausami Moitra Ganguli vs. Jayant Ganguli, AIR 2008 SC 2262, Sub folder ‘Judgements’, India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC Attachments.

31 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Rajasthan State, 2004 07, pp. 48, 49, 51.

32 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Maharashtra State, page 39.

33 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Delhi State, September 2009.

34 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, GoI, pp. 2 and 37.

35 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 139.

36 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 139.

37 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 183.

38 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, GoI, pp. 27-29.

39 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, GoI, page 38.

40 ^ The Indian Divorce Act, 1869.

41 ^ Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, Oxford University Press, 2006, page 101.

42 ^ Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, Oxford University Press, 2006, page 96.

43 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of External Affairs, GoI, October 2009.

44 ^ Section 43, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006.

45 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 159.

46 ^ SOS Children’s Villages, http://www.soscvindia.org/charity/index.php.

47 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Maharashtra State, 2007, page 24.

48 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, page 201.

49 ^ Report of Working Group on Development of Children for the 11th Five Year Plan, Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, page 42.

50 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, page 72.

51 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Central Adoption Resource Authority, September 2009.

52 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, page 132.

53 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, page 204.

54 ^ Guidelines for In-Country Adoption 2004, Central Adopton Resource Authority, http://www.adoptionindia.nic.in/ad_procedure _in_country.htm.

55 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 213.

56 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Central Adoption Resource Authority, September 2009.

57 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Karnataka State, July 2009.

58 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Chhattisgarh State, August 2009.

59 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of the Central Adoption Resource Authority, September 2009.

60 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of the Central Adoption Resource Authority, September 2009.

61 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of External Affairs, GoI, page 99.

62 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of External Affairs, GoI, October 2009.

63 ^ Study on Child Abuse: India 2007, Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, 2007, Preface.

64 ^ National Charter for Children, 2003, GoI, point 9a, and National Plan of Action for Children, 2005, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, page 19.

65 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 213.

66 ^ Draft Guidelines for Speedy Disposal of Child Rape Cases, National Human Rights Commission, www.nhrc.nic.in/disparchive .asp?fno=1502.

67 ^ Section 21, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006.

68 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 138.

69 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of West Bengal State, 2007, page 47, India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Karnataka State, 2007, page 20.

70 ^ Section 34, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006.

71 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of the National Institute for Public Cooperation and Child Development, GoI, 2007.

72 ^ Infocus, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, Vol. 1, No. 1, GoI, September 2007.

73 ^ Crisis Intervention, Swanchetan, http://www.swanchetan.org/Crisis_Intervention.aspx and Crisis Intervention Center for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Indian Council for Child Welfare, Tamil Nadu, http://iccwtn.org/iccw/child_abuse.php.

74 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 154.

75 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 151.

76 ^ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, The Gazette of India: Extraordinary, page 154.

77 ^ National Family Health Survey-2 and 3, The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2000 and 2007, pp. 179-180 and page xxxiv.

1 ^ The Report on Causes of Deaths in India (2001-03), Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, page 19.

2 ^ The Report on Causes of Death in India (2001-03), Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, page 22.

3 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 183.

4 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, Table 7.5, page 188.

5 ^ The Report on Causes of Death in India 2001-2003, Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, page 24.

6 ^ The estimate is based on Crude Birth Rate of 22.8 in 2008 (Sample Registration System, 2008), projected population of 1,050,196 in 2008 (Census), and Neonatal Mortality Rate of 34/1,000. (Sample Registration System, 2008).

7 ^ Under-Five mortality rate of 69/1,000 live births for the year 2008, according to State of the World’s Children, UNICEF, 2010.

8 ^ The Report on Causes of Death in India (2001-2003), Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, page 24.

9 ^ Burden of Disease in India, Background Papers, National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, September 2005, page 94.

10 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 234-235.

11 ^ Annual Report (2004-05), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 208.

12 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 68.

13 ^ Sample Registration System Bulletin, April 2002, and Sample Registration System Bulletin, October 2008, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General India, GoI.

14 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp 180-181.

15 ^ The Report on Causes of Death in India (2001-03), Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, pp. 23-24.

16 ^ EAG States include: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

17 ^ The Report on Causes of Death in India (2001-03), Office of the Registrar General India, GoI, 2009, page 23.

18 ^ Reproductive and Child Health Programme-II, Third Joint Review Mission, January 15 – February 8, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 8.

1 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 100.

2 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, pp. 99-126.

3 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 38.

4 ^ Annual Report 2008-09, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 136.

5 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 67.

6 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 137.

7 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, September 2009, page 1.

8 ^ People with Disabilities in India: From Commitments to Outcomes, World Bank, 2007, page 132.

9 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of West Bengal State, 2007, page 67.

1 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of National Institute for Public Cooperation and Child Development, GoI, 2007.

2 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 134.

3 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 116.

4 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, page 130.

5 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 16.

6 ^ Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2004-06, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General India, Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, April 2009, page 3.

7 ^ Reproductive and Child Health Programme-II, Third Joint Review Mission, January 15–February 8, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GoI, 2007, pp. 8-11.

8 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 269.

9 ^ In the National Family Health Survey -2 (1998-99), the nutritional status of children was measured only in case of children under three years of age of ever-married women who were interviewed, whereas in the National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), all the children in the household under five years of age were eligible to be measured. Therefore, in comparing nutritional indicators in the two surveys, it is necessary to restrict the calculations to the National Family Health Survey-2 criteria for eligibility. However, for both the years the WHO reference population was used.

10 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 273.

1 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 289-290.

2 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, Summary of Findings.

3 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 275-287.

4 ^ ‘Other’ religion includes Jews, Parsis, Zoroastrians, Doni-polo of Arunachal Pradesh, other religions and those with no religion.

5 ^ The National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 234 236.

6 ^ The National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 237 239.

7 ^ Annual Report (2006-07) and (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, pp. 82, 78.

8 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 66.

9 ^ Annual Report (2006-07) and (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, pp. 80, 72.

10 ^ Reproductive and Child Health Programme -II, Third Joint Review Mission, January 15-February 8, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 11, 101,113, 157.

11 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 87.

12 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 80.

13 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 82.

14 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 162.

15 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 163.

16 ^ District Level Household and Facility Survey-3 (2007-08), Fact Sheet India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI.

17 ^ Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation, Special Focus on Sanitation, UNICEF, WHO, 2008, Figure 18, page 19.

18 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 164.

19 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 61.

20 ^ National Polio Surveillance Project, AFP Surveillance Bulletin India, GoI, http://www.npspindia.org/bulletin.pdf.

21 ^ Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Combined Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Periodic Report of India, 2007, page 142.

22 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 206.

23 ^ Special Policy on Universal Access for Children affected by HIV and AIDS, http://www.unicef.org/india/hiv_aids_3556.htm.

24 ^ The 18 States are: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura.

25 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 20-21.

26 ^ The Reproductive and Child Health Programme-II, Third JRM, January 15–February 8, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 2.

27 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 106.

28 ^ The Reproductive and Child Health Programme -II, Third Joint Review Mission, January 15-February 8, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 17.

29 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 92-93.

30 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, pp. 59-60.

31 ^ Janani Suraksha Yojana: A Demand Side Intervention for Promoting Safe Delivery, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/GOA%20Workshop/PDFs/03-05-08_pdf/JSY.pdf.

32 ^ The Gadchiroli model successfully employed by SEARCH, an NGO, in the Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra, used Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) approach to train Community Health Workers to identify and manage hypothermia, asphyxia and sepsis.

33 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 57, and India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 7, 10.

34 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 57, and India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 7, 10.

35 ^ To facilitate the preparation of area-specific programmes with special emphasis on eight States (Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) lagging in containing population growth to manageable limits, the GoI constituted an Empowered Action Group in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on March 20, 2001.

36 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page. 57, and India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 7.

37 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 233.

1 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 23.

1 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 257.

2 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 22.

3 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 68.

4 ^ Burden of Disease in India, Background Papers, National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, September 2005, pp. 95-96.

5 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 7.

6 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 9.

7 ^ Reproductive and Child Health Programme-II, Third Joint Review Mission, January 15–February 8, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 3, 13.

1 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Report on the CRC draft, Response of National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, October 2009, page 2.

2 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 4.

3 ^ Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission, National AIDS Control Organisation, http://www.nacoon-line.org/National_AIDS_Control_Program/Services_for_Prevention/PPTCT/.

4 ^ ‘Red Ribbon Express’ Project Reaches Millions, National AIDS Control Organisation, World AIDS Day, December, 1, 2008, http://www.nacoonline.org/NACO_Action/Media__Press_Release/.

5 ^ Total Sanitation Campaign, All-India Figures of Physical Achievement, Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, page 207, and India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Rural Development, September 2009.

6 ^ Estimated population in India 2015 is 1,254,019,000. The MDG target for India is 57% of people using improved sanitation, up from 9.5% in 1991, equivalent to 714,791,000 users. With 31% users (355,499,000 people) in 2009, still 379,222,000 have to be reached between October 2009 and December 2015.

7 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, page 193.

8 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Rural Drinking Water and Sanitation, GoI, December 2007, pp. 164 165.

9 ^ Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in India, UNICEF, www.unicef.org/india/MDG_Final_Note7Dec.doc.

10 ^ Report of the Working Group on Public Health Services (including Water and Sanitation) for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), GoI, October, 2006, page 50.

11 ^ Report of the Working Group on Public Health Services (including Water and Sanitation) for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), GoI, October, 2006, page 50.

12 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Chhattisgarh State, August 2009, page 2.

13 ^ Report of National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2005, page 58.

14 ^ Mid-Term Review of the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, 2007, GoI, page 102.

15 ^ Report of the Working Group on Public Health Services (including Water and Sanitation) for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), October 2006, page 26.

16 ^ Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2005, page 4.

17 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 25.

18 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 12.

19 ^ National Health Policy (2002), GoI, pt 2.12.

20 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Urban Development, GoI, pp. 18-20.

21 ^ Draft Report on Recommendation of Task Force on Public-Private Partnership for the 11^th Five Year Plan, page 3.

22 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 67.

23 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 67.

24 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 109.

25 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of the Ministry of Health andFamily Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 24.

26 ^ The Chiranjeevi Scheme, launched in January 2006 in five tribal Districts of Gujarat, aims to reduce IMR and MMR among BPL families.

27 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 24.

28 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Uttarakhand State, 2007, page 54.

29 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, page 112.

30 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 211-212.

31 ^ Mid-term Review of the 10^th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 366.

32 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, pp. 99-108.

33 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, page 25.

34 ^ Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Karnataka, http://www.dwcd.kar.nic.in/dwcd_english/prg_women.html#social.

35 ^ The NSSO data quoted is the latest data available on workforce.

36 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 150-151.

37 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 150-151.

38 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 152.

39 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Period Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Labour and Employment, September 2009, page 2.

40 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 152.

41 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 150.

42 ^ Economic Survey (2007-08), Economic Division, Ministry of Finance, GoI, 2008, page 1.

43 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. I, Inclusive Growth, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 1.

44 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. III, Agriculture, Rural Development, Industry, Services and Physical Infrastructure, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 79-99.

45 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. III, Agriculture, Rural Development, Industry, Services and Physical Infrastructure, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, pp. 79-99.

46 ^ The National Family Health Survey-3 wealth index is based on 33 assets and housing characteristics: household electrification, type of windows, drinking water source, type of toilet facility, type of flooring, material of exterior walls, type of roofing, cooking fuel, house ownership, number of household members per sleeping room, ownership of a bank or post office account, and ownership of a mattress, a pressure cooker, a chair, a cot/bed, a table, an electric fan, a radio/transistor, a black-and-white television, a colour television, a sewing machine, a mobile telephone, any other telephone, a computer, a refrigerator, a watch or clock, a bicycle, a motorcycle or scooter, an animal-drawn cart, a car, a water pump, a thresher, and a tractor.

47 ^ National Family Health Survey-3, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI, 2007, pp. 43-44.

1 ^ Economic Survey (2004-05, 2006-07, 2007-08), Economic Division, Ministry of Finance, GoI, Section 10, Social Sectors.

2 ^ NREGS, A National Progress Report, Backgrounders and Discussion Papers, http://www.empowerpoor.com/backgrounder.asp?report=384.

3 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Period Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, GoI, August 2009, Annexure 1.

4 ^ 11^th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol.II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, pp.57-58.

5 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, page 9.

6 ^ Annual Status of Education Report-Rural 2008, Pratham Resource Centre, January 13, 2009, pp 50 51.

7 ^ Selected Educational Statistic (SES).

8 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 20.

1 ^ District Information System for Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development and Selected Education Statistics, yield data on school enrolment levels, dropout levels, etc. There can be significant differences in the data, due to different methodologies being used.

2 ^ Annual Status of Education Report-Rural 2008, Pratham Resource Centre, 2009, pp. 43, 47.

1 ^ Annual Report (2003-04), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 283-284, Annual Report (2005-06), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 283-284, Annual Report (2009-2010), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 342-345.

2 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Period Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2009.

3 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Period Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2009.

1 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 44.

2 ^ Selected Educational Statistics (2005-06), Time Series Data, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. C1 and C4, and Selected Educational Statistics (2006-07) (Provisional), Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 4-5.

3 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 3, and Selected Educational Statistics (2006-07) Provisional Data, page 36.

1 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 19-20.

2 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12),Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 15.

3 ^ Selected Educational Statistics (2006-07) (Provisional), Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 53, 55.

4 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 3. Selected Educational Statistics (2006-07) (Provisional), Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 39, 42.

5 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 18.

6 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 30.

7 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12),Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 21.

8 ^ Annual Report (2006-2007), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 78-81.

9 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 21.

10 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 5.

11 ^ Mid-Term Appraisal of the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, GoI, 2005, page 62.

12 ^ Mid-Term Appraisal of the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, GoI, 2005, page 2.

13 ^ National Curriculum Framework, National Council of Education Research and Training, GoI, 2005, pp.12-13.

14 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 51.

15 ^ Mid-Term Appraisal of the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, GoI, 2005, page 52.

16 ^ National Plan of Action for Children, 2005, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, pp 14-16.

17 ^ Sub-Group Report on Early Childhood Education, Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, 2007, pp. 34, 44-45.

18 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 42-43.

19 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2007, page 25.

20 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 37.

21 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 39.

22 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 22-23.

23 ^ Vimala Ramachandran, Fostering Opportunities to Learn at an Accelerated Pace: Why Do Girls Benefit Enormously? UNICEF, WP, 2005, pp. 10-13.

24 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 44-45.

25 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 26-28.

26 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 66-67.

27 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 7-8.

28 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 67-68.

29 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 137.

30 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 106.

31 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 95-98.

32 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 22.

33 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 86.

34 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume I, Inclusive Growth, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 110. (citing NSS Report 517, Table 10).

35 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 30

36 ^ Annual Report (2008-09), Ministry of Labour and Employment, GoI, pp.212-213.

37 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 70-71, 78-80.

38 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 23.

39 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 18.

40 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 35.

41 ^ Fifth Joint Review Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Aide Memoire, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, January 2007, page 18.

42 ^ Education For All, Department of Elementary Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, pp. 84-86.

43 ^ Education for All, Department of Elementary Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, page 84.

44 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 35-38.

45 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 53-54.

46 ^ Annual Report (2005-06), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 128, and Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 71-72.

47 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 10.

48 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 101.

49 ^ Education for All, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, pp. 62-64.

50 ^ India: Reducing Poverty, Accelerating Development, The World Bank, OUP, Delhi, 2000, page 21.

51 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2008, pp. 8, 15, (citing Selected Educational Statistics (2004-05)).

52 ^ R Govinda, Elementary Education in India: Promise, Performance and Critical Issues in Securing Rights – Citizens’ Report on MDGs, Wada Na Todo Abhiyan, New Delhi, 2005, pp. 23-24.

53 ^ Sub-Group Report on Early Childhood Education, Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, 2007, pp. 35-36.

54 ^ Fifth Joint Review Mission of SSA, Aide Memoire, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, January 2007, page 16.

55 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 51.

56 ^ Report of Working Group on Elementary Education and Literacy for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 93-95.

57 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 23.

58 ^ Mid-Term Appraisal of the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07), Planning Commission, GoI, 2005.

59 ^ Annual Status of Education Report-Rural 2008, Pratham Resource Centre, 2009.

60 ^ Child Budgeting in India: Analysis of Recent Allocations in the Union Budget, UNICEF and Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA), 2006-2007, Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2006, page 11.

61 ^ Annual Status of Education Report-Rural 2007, Pratham Resource Centre, page 8.

62 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 31-34.

63 ^ Education Cess is a 3% (initially began as 2% ) levy on all major Central taxes through the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, to help finance the Government’s commitment to ‘quality elementary education’. Education Cess proceeds are credited to the Prarambhik Shiksha Kosh, a non-lapsable fund for elementary education.

64 ^ Expenditure Budget Vol. 1, 2008-09, GoI.

1 ^ Economic Survey, 2007-08, and Expenditure Budget, Vol. I, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2008-09.

2 ^ Expenditure Budget, Vol. I, 2008-09, Annex. 3.3, GoI.

3 ^ Elementary Education in India: Promise, Performance and Critical Issues, page 23.

4 ^ Primer on Budget Analysis: Taking the Case of Elementary Education, 2007, Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability.

5 ^ National Sample Survey, 52nd Round.

6 ^ Position Paper on National Focus Group on Education for Peace, National Council of Education Research and Training, 2006, pp. iii-iv.

7 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 70.

8 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 90.

9 ^ Position Paper on National Focus Group on Education for Peace, National Council of Education Research and Training, 2006, page iv.

10 ^ C Seshadri, ‘An Approach to Value Orientation of Teachers’ Education’, in Value Education in Indian Schools – Experiences and Strategies of Implementation, ed JS Rajput, National Council of Education Research and Training, 2003, pp. 328-330. See also India First Periodic Report 2001, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2001, pp. 306-309.

11 ^ Report of Working Group on Development of Education of SCs/STs/Minorities/Girls and Other Disadvantaged Groups for 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12),Volume II, Social Sectors, Planning Commission, GoI, December 2006, pp. 18-19.

12 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 68.

13 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 68.

14 ^ Kumar and Sarangapani, Our Land Our Life, in Improving Government Schools – What Has Been Tried and What Works, Books for Change, 2005.

15 ^ India First Periodic Report 2001, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2001, pp. 312-313.

16 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Karnataka State, 2008, page 17.

17 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Madhya Pradesh State, 2008, page 45.

18 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Bihar State, 2007, pp. 66, 70.

19 ^ India: Third and Fourth Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Inputs of Orissa State 2008, page 53.

20 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 76.

21 ^ Position Paper on National Focus Group on Gender Issues in Education, National Council of Education Research and Training, GoI, 2006.

22 ^ Report of Working Group on Secondary and Vocational Education for 11th Five Year Plan (2007 12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 2.

23 ^ Report of Working Group on Elementary Education and Literacy for 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 2.

24 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, 2008, page 20.

25 ^ Position Paper on Health and Physical Fitness, National Curriculum Framework, 2005, National Council of Education Research and Training, GoI, 2006, pp. 6-8.

26 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, page 245.

27 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, GoI, page 59.

28 ^ Report of Working Group on Sports and Physical Education for 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 31-32.

29 ^ Report of Working Group on Sports and Physical Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 26-27.

30 ^ Sub-Group Report on Early Childhood Education in the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Ministry of Women and Child Development, GoI, 2007, pp. 30-38.

31 ^ Draft Final Report of Working Group on Youth Affairs and Adolescents’ Development, Volume I, Planning Commission, GoI, March 2007, pp. 49, 51, 58, 72-74, 77, 80-81, 88-89, 104.

32 ^ Report of Working Group on Sports and Physical Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 50-51, 84-85.

33 ^ Position Paper on Health and Physical Fitness, National Curriculum Framework, 2005, National Council of Education Research and Training, GoI, 2006, page 8.

34 ^ Report of Working Group on Sports and Physical Education for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, page 46.

35 ^ Position Paper National Focus Group on Art, Music, Dance and Theatre, National Council of Educational Research and Training, 2006, pp. 1-9.

36 ^ Draft Final Report of Working Group on Youth Affairs and Adolescents’ Development, Planning Commission, GoI, pp. 45-48. See also India First Periodic Report 2001, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2001, page 318.

37 ^ Report of Working Group on Art and Culture for 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Planning Commission, GoI, 2007, pp. 48, 51-54.

38 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 231-233, 317.

39 ^ Annual Report (2006-07), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 56-58. Also see India First Periodic Report 2001, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2001, page 317.

40 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Department of School Education and Literacy and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, pp. 73-74.

41 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of External Affairs, GoI, October 2009.

42 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, page 121.

43 ^ Newsletter, UNHCR, 31 January 2008, page 1.

44 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, page 121.

45 ^ Annual Report (2007-08), Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, page 122.

46 ^ India: Third and Fourth Combined Periodic Report on the CRC draft, Response of Ministry of External Affairs, GoI, October 2009.

47 ^ National Plan of Action for Children, 2005, Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, GoI, 2005, page 32.

48 ^ The Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005, Gazette of India: Extraordinary.

49 ^ Status of the Implementation of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, in States/Union Territories as of March 24, 2008, http://wcd.nic.in/childprot/jjimp.htm.

50 ^ 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), Vol. II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, GoI, pp. 213-214.

51 ^