Unit Open and distance learning Lesson Developing it skills(lesson15) Objectives

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Exercise 2. (5 min) Ask the following question:
- What is coherence in lexis?
Lexical cohesion refers to the way in which related words are chosen to link elements of a text. There are two forms: repetition and collocation. Repetition uses the same word, or synonyms, antonyms, etc. For example, «Which dress are you going to wear?» – «I will wear my green frock,» uses the synonyms
«dress» and «frock» for lexical cohesion. Collocation uses related words that typically go together or tend to repeat the same meaning. An example is the phrase «once upon a time».
Put students in pairs and ask them to look through the examples and explain the coherence in lexis through the pictures.
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Exercise 3.(5 min) Ask students if they have understood the cohesive nouns. Let them give examples of cohesive nouns from the text.
Cohesive nouns are a kind of lexical reference. They can summarize many words in one (e.g. «attitude», «solution», «difficulty»), and have been called ‘umbrella’ nouns for this reason. They are used to signal what is to come (e.g. «the problem to be discussed...»), or can refer back (e.g. «The issue mentioned
above...»).
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Exercise 4.(5 min) Focus students’ attention on the photos. Encourage them to find the coherence as a reference examples in the photos. Let them present their findings with the whole class.
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Exercise 5.(5 min) Ask the following questions from the students:
- What is substitution coherence for you?
Substitution. A word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is substituted for another, more general word. For example, «Which ice-cream would you like?»
– «I would like the pink one», where «one» is used instead of repeating «ice cream.» This works in a similar way to pronouns, which replace the noun. For example, «ice-cream» is a noun, and its pronoun could be «it», as in, «I dropped the ice-cream because it was dirty.» Elicit the answers. Let them make up their own examples.