Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

chromosomes

 
Rod-shaped structures that 
contain all basic hereditary information 
(Module 36).

chunk

 
A meaningful grouping of stimuli that 
can be stored as a unit in short-term memory 
(Module 20).

circadian rhythms

 
Biological processes that 
occur regularly on approximately a 24-hour 
cycle (Module 14).

classical conditioning

 
A type of learning in 
which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a 
response after it is paired with a stimulus that 
naturally brings about that response (Module 17).

cochlea (KOKE-lee-uh)

 
A coiled tube in the ear 
fi lled with fl uid that vibrates in response to 
sound (Module 12).

cognitive approaches to motivation

 
Theories 
suggesting that motivation is a product of peo-
ple’s thoughts, expectations, and goals—their 
cognitions (Module 29).

cognitive-behavioral approach

 
A treatment 
approach that incorporates basic principles of 
learning to change the way people think 
(Module 49).

cognitive development

 
The process by which 
a child’s understanding of the world changes as 
a function of age and experience (Module 37).

cognitive dissonance

 
The confl ict that occurs 
when a person holds two contradictory atti-
tudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions) 
(Module 52).

cognitive learning theory

 
An approach to the 
study of learning that focuses on the thought 
processes that underlie learning (Module 19).