Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

E VA LU AT E
1. Emotions are always accompanied by a cognitive re-
sponse. True or false?
2. The 
theory of emotion states that 
emotions are a response to instinctive bodily events.
3. According to the 
theory of 
emotion, both an emotional response and physiological 
arousal are produced simultaneously by the same nerve 
stimulus.
4. Your friend—a psychology major—tells you, “I was at a 
party last night. During the course of the evening, my 
general level of arousal increased. Since I was at a party 
where people were enjoying themselves, I assume I must 
have felt happy.” What theory of emotion does your 
friend subscribe to?
5. What are the six primary emotions that can be identifi ed 
from facial expressions?
R E T H I N K
1. If researchers learned how to control emotional responses 
so that targeted emotions could be caused or prevented, 
what ethical concerns might arise? Under what circum-
stances, if any, should such techniques be used?
2. From the perspective of an advertising executive: How might 
you use Schachter and Singer’s fi ndings on the labeling of 
arousal to create interest in a product? Can you think of 
other examples whereby people’s arousal could be 
manipulated, which would lead to different emotional 
responses?
Answers to Evaluate Questions 
1. false; emotions may occur without a cognitive r
esponse; 2.
James-
Lange; 3. Cannon-Bar
d; 4. Schachter
-Singer; 5. surprise, sadness, 
happiness, anger, disgust, and fear 
338 Chapter 
10 
Motivation and Emotion
K E Y T E R M S 
emotions p. 328
James-Lange theory of
emotion p. 331