Understanding language teaching: From Method to Postmethod


 Learner-Centered Methods



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(ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series) B. Kumaravadivelu - Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Post-Method-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (2006)

4.2.2. Learner-Centered Methods
Learner-centered methods are those that are principally concerned with
learner needs, wants, and situations. These methods (such as Communica-
tive Language Teaching) seek to provide opportunities for learners to prac-
tice preselected, presequenced linguistic structures
and
communicative
notions/functions through meaning-focused activities, assuming that a pre-
occupation with form
and
function will ultimately lead to target language
mastery and that the learners can make use of both formal and functional
repertoire to fulfill their communicative needs outside the class. In this
view, as in the previous case, language development is more intentional
than incidental.
Learner-centered pedagogists aim at making language learners gram-
matically accurate and communicatively fluent. They keep in mind the
learner’s real-life language use in social interaction or for academic study,
and present linguistic structures in communicative contexts. In spite of
strong arguments that emphasize the cyclical and analytical nature of com-
municative syllabuses (Munby, 1978; Wilkins, 1976; see chap. 3, this vol-
ume, for more details), learner-centered methods remain, basically, linear
and additive. Proponents of learner-centered methods, like those of lan-
guage-centered methods, believe in accumulated entities. The one major
difference is that in the case of language-centered methods, the accumu-
lated entities represent linguistic structures, and in the case of learner-
centered methods, they represent structures plus notions and functions.
Furthermore, just as language-centered pedagogists believe that the linguis-
tic structures of a language could be sequentially presented and explained,
the learner-centered pedagogists also believe that each notional/func-
tional category could be matched with one or more linguistic forms, and se-
quentially presented and explained to the learner.

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