Understanding language teaching: From Method to Postmethod


parts of the world. Consider the following



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(ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series) B. Kumaravadivelu - Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Post-Method-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (2006)


parts of the world. Consider the following:
·
From South Africa, Chick (1996) wondered whether “our choice of
communicative language teaching as a goal was possibly a sort of naive
ethnocentricism prompted by the thought that what is good for Eu-
rope or the USA had to be good for KwaZulu” (p. 22).
·
From Pakistan, Shamim (1996) reported that her attempt to introduce
communicative language teaching into her classroom met with a great
POSTMETHOD CONDITION
171


deal of resistance from her learners, making her “terribly exhausted,”
leading her to realize that, by introducing this methodology, she was
actually “creating psychological barriers to learning . . .” (p. 109).
·
From Singapore, Pakir (1999) suggested that communicative language
teaching with its professional practices based on “Anglo-Saxon assump-
tions” (p. 112) has to be modified taking into account what she calls
“glocal” linguistic and cultural considerations.
·
From India, Tickoo (1996) narrated how even locally initiated, peda-
gogic innovations have failed because they merely tinkered with the
method-based framework inherited from abroad.
All these research reports present a classic case of a centrally produced ped-
agogy that is out of sync with local linguistic, sociocultural, and political par-
ticularities. In fact, dealing with a similar situation within the United States,
scholars such as Delpit (1995) and Smitherman (2000) stressed the need
for a language education that is sensitive to the linguistic particularities of
“nonstandard” speakers of English.
A context-sensitive language education can emerge only from the prac-
tice of particularity. It involves a critical awareness of local conditions of
learning and teaching that policymakers and program administrators have
to seriously consider in putting together an effective teaching agenda.
More importantly, it involves practicing teachers, either individually or col-
lectively, observing their teaching acts, evaluating their outcomes, identify-
ing problems, finding solutions, and trying them out to see once again what
works and what doesn’t. In that sense, the particular is so deeply embedded
in the practical, and cannot be achieved or understood without it. The pa-
rameter of particularity, therefore, merges into the parameter of
practicality
.

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