Understanding International Relations, Third Edition

International Regimes for Transport and Communication (1996). For
Burtonian adaptations of functionalism see, for example, J. W. Burton, World
Society (1972). Paul Taylor, International Organization in the Modern World
(1993), is a good overview of theory in the area of international organization in
general, including recent thinking about the UN.
On theories of integration, Michael Hodges (ed.) European Integration
(1972) provides useful extracts from the early theorists. William Wallace,
Regional Integration: The West European Experience (1994), and Robert O.
Keohane and Stanley Hoffmann (eds) The New European Community (1991)
are good overviews, though both a little dated. Andrew Moravcsik, The Choice
for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht
(1998), has become an instant classic. Ben Rosamond, Theories of European
Integration (2000), does what it says on the cover, as does Dimitris
Chryssochoou, Theorizing European Integration (2001). Thoughtful reflec-
tions on sovereignty and contemporary European developments are William
Wallace, ‘The Sharing of Sovereignty: The European Paradox’ (1999b), and
‘Europe after the Cold-War: Interstate Order or Post-Sovereign Regional
System’ (1999a).
The Bretton Woods institutions are well covered in the standard textbooks:
Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations (1992), and
Global Political Economy (2001), offers an orthodox, (neo)realist account;
Stephen Gill and David Law, The Global Economy: Prospects, Problems and
Policies (1988), is neo-Marxist, Gramscian, in inspiration; Susan Strange, States
and Markets (1988), is sui generis and highly entertaining. Less characterful
than these three offerings, but reliable, are Joan Spero and J. Hart, The Politics
of International Economic Relations (2003), David H. Blake and Robert S.
Walters, The Politics of Global Economic Relations (1991), David Balaam and
Michael Veseth, Introduction to International Political Economy (2004), and
Robert O’Brien and Marc Williams, Global Political Economy (2003). There
are also a number of very valuable edited collections. G. T. Crane and 
A. M. Amawi (eds) The Theoretical Evolution of International Political

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Global Governance
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Economy: A Reader (1999) has good historical coverage; Jeffrey A. Frieden and
David A. Lake (eds) International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global
Power and Wealth (1999) – reprinted articles – and Richard Stubbs and
Geoffrey Underhill (eds) Political Economy and the Changing Global Order
(1999) – original essays – are best on recent approaches, with Craig Murphy
and Roger Tooze (eds) The New International Political Economy (1991)
reflecting an interest in critical theory and epistemological sophistication. Most
of the above books appear in various editions – the most recent should always
be sought out. Specifically on the rise and fall of Bretton Woods, Richard N.
Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: The Origins and
Prospects of our International Economic Order (1980), is the expanded version
of the author’s classic Sterling – Dollar Diplomacy (1969), the standard
account of the origins of the Bretton Woods System. Andrew Shonfield (ed.)
International Economic Relations of the Western World 1959–1971, Vol. I,
Politics and Trade (Shonfield et al.), Vol. II, International Monetary Relations
(Susan Strange) (1976) is the standard history of the system. Strange, Sterling
and British Policy (1971) is an account of the crises of the 1960s from a
London perspective. Fred Block, The Origins of International Economic
Disorder (1977), and E. A. Brett, The World Economy since the War (1985),
look at things from a Marxian perspective. The standard texts cover the crisis
of 1971 – also useful is Joanna Gowa, Closing the Gold Window: Domestic
Politics and the End of Bretton Woods (1983).
On regimes, two collections are very important: Stephen D. Krasner (ed.)
International Regimes (1983); and Volker Rittberger (ed.) Regime Theory and
International Relations (1993). Apart from being more recent, the Rittberger
collection involves European as well as American scholars – but Krasner has
many classic papers and is still relevant. Also very valuable is the survey article
by Marc A. Levy, Oran R. Young and Michael Zürn, ‘The Study of International
Regimes’ (1995). The ‘European’ approach to regimes is well represented by
Andreas Hasenclever, Peter Mayer and Volker Rittberger, Theories of
International Regimes (1997), and the same authors’ ‘Integrating Theories of
International Regimes’ (2000). On post-war regimes and ‘hegemonic stability’
theory, J. G. Ruggie, ‘International Regimes, Transactions and Change:
Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order’ (1982); Robert O.
Keohane, After Hegemony (1984); and idem, ‘The Theory of Hegemonic
Stability and Changes in International Economic Regimes, 1967–1977’ (1980),
are crucial. On hegemonic stability, see also two valuable overviews of the
debate: David Lake, ‘Leadership, Hegemony and the International Economy:
Naked Emperor or Tattered Monarch with Potential’ (1993); and Jarrod
Wiener, ‘Hegemonic Leadership: Naked Emperor or the Worship of False Gods’
(1995). Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1988), is a classic
of ‘declinism’, while a robust rebuttal of the thesis is offered by Joseph S. Nye,
Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (1990), and,
predictably, Susan Strange, ‘The Persistent Myth of Lost Hegemony’ (1987); see
also Strange’s final book, Mad Money (1998b). Thomas Pederson carries

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Understanding International Relations
arguments over hegemony into regional politics in ‘Co-operative Hegemony:
Power, Ideas and Institutions in Regional Integration’ (2002).
G. John Ikenberry, ‘Constitutional Politics in International Relations’ (1998),
‘Institutions, Strategic Restraint and the Persistence of American Post-War
Order’ (1998/99), and After Victory (2001) makes many of the same points as
conventional US regime theorists, but without buying into some of intellectual
baggage carried by the latter.
On antecedents to the UN, for the peace projects see F. H. Hinsley, Power
and the Pursuit of Peace (1963), and for the Concert of Europe, Carsten
Holbraad, Concert of Europe (1970); for the UN today, Taylor and Groom
(eds) The United Nations at the Millennium (2000), and the slightly dated
Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury (eds) United Nations, Divided World:
The UN’s Role in International Relations (1993). On the history of the United
Nations classics such as I. L. Claude, Swords into Plowshares (1971), and 
H. G. Nicholas, The United Nations as a Political System (1985), are still
useful. For the recent politics of the UN, Mats Berdal, ‘The UN Security
Council: Ineffective but Indispensable’ (2003), is a useful short study; the
Brahimi Report (2000) is an internal view on peacekeeping operations. For
recent UN interventions, James Mayall (ed.) The New Interventionism:
1991–1994 (1996) is invaluable; for a good, albeit journalistic, account, see
William Shawcross, Deliver us from Evil (2000). David Rieff, A Bed for the
Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis (2002), is more sceptical.
On the first Gulf War see Paul Taylor and A. J. R. Groom, The UN and the
Gulf War, 1990–1991: Back to the Future (1992). On Rwanda and the UN see
Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide (2003), and Romeo Dallaire, Shake
Hands with the Devil (2003). On Kosovo, see Lawrence Freedman, ‘Victims
and victors: reflections on the Kosovo war’ (2000), and Ivo Daalder and
Michael Hanlon, Winning Ugly (2001). Chapter 11 has further reading on
humanitarian interventions, and Chapter 12 on the war in Iraq 2003.
A final word on global governance (until the discussion of cosmopolitanism
in Chapter 9): Alexander Wendt, ‘Why a World State is Inevitable’ (2003), is a
fascinating and challenging attempt to resuscitate the notion of a world state,
by one of today’s leading theorists of constructivism.

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