Ultralearning



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young scott ultralearning seven strategies for mastering har

Educating Ultralearners?
Prior  to  doing  the  research  for  this  book,  all  of  the  ultralearners  I  had  met
were  ambitious  self-starters.  I  was  convinced  that  ultralearning  was
something that held great potential for the individual. However, owing to the
intensity  and  commitment  required  by  the  learners  themselves,  I  was
skeptical  that  ultralearning  would  have  any  direct  implications  for  the
educational  system  at  large.  Children  already  struggle  against  onerous
studying conditions, and it seemed to me that increasing the intensity of study


would only increase their stress and anxiety.
Psychologists  recognize  a  large  difference  between  goals  that  people
pursue intrinsically, based on their own interests, decisions, and targets, and
goals that they pursue extrinsically, pushed by overbearing parents, punishing
curricula, or demanding employers. The latter type, because the motivation
for  conforming  to  them  comes  primarily  from  outside  social  pressures,  are
the cause of much misery. Tales of depression, anxiety, and even suicide are
distressingly  common  in  environments  where  the  pressure  to  perform  on
standardized tests is ratcheted up to an uncomfortable degree. Ultralearning,
because it is a self-driven quest, not an externally imposed obligation, doesn’t
need to be this way. However, because of its very nature, it was unclear to me
whether it was something that could be taught.
The Polgár sisters are an unusual case, then, because although they were
trained from a very early age and worked incredibly hard, they don’t seem to
have  been  harmed  psychologically  by  the  pressure.  In  contrast  to  the
stereotypical  “tiger”  parent,  their  parents  encouraged  their  unusual
specialization  through  play  and  positive  feedback,  not  authority  and
punishment.  The  Polgár  sisters  all  continued  to  play  chess  well  into
adulthood at the competitive level. The obsession into chess, therefore, was
clearly  something  fostered,  rather  than  imposed.  At  the  same  time,  their
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