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READING PART B
Term ‘castle’ is most commonly applied to the fortresses
belonging to European kings or important nobles during the
Middle ages. The first of this type were built by the
Normans in Prance during 11
th
century. They were
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constructed of wood and consisted simply of a tower built
on a mound and stood in a courtyard , which was
surrounded by a fence and a ditch . By the twenties century
, the wooden tower had given way to stone ones,
containing living accommodation for the whole household ,
centered on the Great hall , and surrounded by a strong
wall. As new methods of attack developed , the outer
fortification became more elaborate in order to withstand
them.
1. We can conclude from the passage that …
a) The first castle built by the Normans remained
inhabited for a century
b) A castle was a certain type of early defensive
structure
c) Every noble in the Middle Ages had his own castle
d) Castles were used for defense , not as residences
2. The castles built by Normans were…
a) Was poorly constructed
b) Belonged to only European Kings
c) Constructed of wood and simply of a tower
d) Located in the middle of the country
3. The author makes it clear that in the 12
th
century…
a) A castle consisted only of a tower
b) Castles were strong enough to repel any attack
c) Towers were built of stone
d) A castle was still a residence only for the army
4. We learn that the castles became stronger and more
defensive …
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a) In reaction to the development of new military
strategies
b) As new and better construction methods were
developed
c) As more and more buildings were added for the
increasing population
d) As they began to accommodate larger population.
Passage 2
The business of tennis clothes has grown
astoundingly in the past few years. Over 250 million
dollars is spent annually on the trappings of tennis.
Apparently everyone wants to look like a pro , even
though 20% of the clientele has never played the
game. Manufacturers pay the stars lucrative fees for
wearing their brand of clothes and wielding their
racquets on center court. Christ Evert-Lloyd , for
example, is rumored to have signed a five-year
contract for 5 million dollars with Ellesse , a producer
of fancy, expensive tennis wear. John McEnroe gets a
reported 600,000 dollars for playing with a Dunlop
racquet, 330,000 dollars for sporting Tacchini
clothes, and 100,000 dollars for tying his Nike tennis
shoes. Obviously , in a bad year , these stars make
more as fashion models than as athletes. Not only
tennis players get free clothing , but also all the
people involved in the game- the referees , lihes
people , ball boys and girls – are living
advertisements for tennis wear producers. Where ,
traditionally, conservative white clothing was
required for the entire tennis “coterie , changing
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times have seen a new vogue in tennis outfits”.
Flamboyant colors , designers’ tiameplates,
geometric figures and bold lines distinguish the new
tennis togs from their predecessors.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that…
a) Tennis stars get huge sums for endorsements
b) Tennis clothing appeals to the wealthy
c) The price of tennis racquets has remained stable
d) Bright colors entice people to buy tennis wear.
6. The author’s intention is to…
a) Describe the new tennis clothing
b) Describe the means of advertising expensive
tennis clothes
c) Explain why the cost of tennis clothes has risen
d) Defend tennis wear manufacturers from
complaints about their high prices
7. A good title for this passage would be …
a) Big business in tennis wear
b) Tennis stars’ flamboyant clothes
c) The high cost of playing tennis
d) The stars at play
Read the text and choose the correct answer.
In 1938 the Swiss firm Nestle 8…. instant coffee.
This is how the most popular kind of coffee with
million of cups 9. … everyday. However , a true
coffee fanatic 10. … instant coffee at almost all
costs.
8. a) found b)cooked c)did d)invented
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9. a)having drunk b) drinking c) to drink d)
being drunk
10. a)avoids b)will avoid c) avoided d) would
avoid
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