Tursunova gulchehra norboboyevna polvonova makhzuna farhadovna integrated course of



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integrated course of teaching foreign languages collection of materials for

The Focal Skill Approach 
 
The  goal  of  the  focal  skill  approach  is  studying  in  the  SL  in  order  to  acquire  it. 
This  second  language  curriculum  stresses  the  balanced  development  of  listening, 
speaking,  reading  and  writing  by  measuring  competency  in  each  skill  and  then 
focusing on the development of the weakest skill. Resources like those developed 
by the International Center for Focal Skills (ICFS) use placement tests to identify 
weak skill areas.  
Content-based Instruction(CBI) 
Oxford (2001) describes approaches to CBI, which include theme-based & adjunct 
learning. Theme-based CBI focuses on a theme of high interest to students and 
develops a wide range of language skills around that theme. The learning of the 
content requires considerable exposure to a variety of forms of information, which, 
in turn, requires the use of all four modalities. 
In the adjunct form of CBI, language and content courses are taught separately but 
are carefully coordinated so that literacy, oral language development and thinking 
skills are positively enhanced. In this approach, the content teacher presents 
content to students while the language teacher brings vocabulary, grammar and 
subskill development to students’ attention through typical exercises, all of which 
focus on the lexicon of the content. 
Task-based Instruction(TBI) 
 
According to Nunan (1999), task-based instruction (TBI) uses tasks or stand-aline 
activities which require comprehending, producing, manipulating or interacting in 
the  target  language.  The  amount  of  listening,  speaking,  reading  and  writing 


178 
 
involved  to  complete  the problem  posed by  the  task is dictated  by  the  task  itself; 
however, most complex (multi step) real-life tasks that take learners into the world 
outside  the  classroom  will  utilize  all  four  skills.  TBI  helps  learners  explore  the 
multitude  of  communication  opportunities  provided  in  their  surroundings.  The 
tasks  themselves  are  scaffolded  according  to  the  cognitive  demand  required  to 
complete them and can be carried out individually, in pairs or in small cooperative 
groups. 

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