Transportation

Figure 6: South Korea’s National ITS Service

private sector. As of 2007, South Korea updated its in- vestment schedule, committing to invest a total of $3.2 billion from 2007 to 2020 (an average of $230 million annually over the 14-year period) in intelligent trans- portation systems.

South Korea built its ITS infrastructure on a city-by- city basis, establishing “ITS Model Cities” starting in 1998 with a pilot in Kwa-chon city, followed by a 90.8 billion won ($75 million) MOCT investment to set up three more model cities (in Daejon, Jeonju, and Jeju) from 2000 to 2002 to develop standards for ITS ar- chitecture and implementation.⁹⁹ Through providing 1) adaptive signal control, 2) real-time traffic information,

3) public transportation management, and 4) speed vi- olation enforcement in these model cities, travel speed increased an average of 20.3 percent and critical inter-

section delay time reduced an average of 39 percent.¹⁰⁰ With these initial pilots validating ITS benefits, the South Korean government provided national budget support to introduce ITS systems in 25 more South Korean cities by 2007. These 29 cities are part of South Korea’s Ubiquitous Cities initiative, which endeavors to embody information technology throughout all city services—from traffic services including city traf- fic and navigation information to public services in- cluding government, firefighting, and police—and to enable citizens to access and utilize them at anytime, anywhere, and from any device through a unified plat- form.

South Korea’s Expressway Traffic Management Sys- tem (ETMS) collects real-time traffic information through three primary mechanisms: 1) vehicle de-