Translation Case Study: First Year Master a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of a



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Table of Contents
 
General Introduction
…………………………………………………………….............. 01
 
Chapter 1: Translation and Idioms
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..04 
1.1. Translation 
1.1.1. Definition of Translation…………………………………………………… 04 
1.1.2. Equivalence and Translation…………………………………………………...05 
1.1.3.Non-Equivalence in Translation………………………………………………..06 
1.1.4. Language, Culture and Translation…………………………………………….07 
1.1.5. Translation Problems…………………………………………………………..08 
1.1.5.1. Grammatical Problems……………………………………………….08 
1.1.5.2. Stylistic Problems………………………………………………… 08 
1.1.5.3. Cultural problems………………………………………………….....09 
1.1.5.4.Lexical Problems…………………………………………………….. 09 
1.1.6. Translation Strategies…………………………………………………………. 09 
1.1.6.1. Translation by a superordinate……………………………………… 09 
1.1.6.2. Translation by a More Neutral and Less Expressive Word………… 10 
1.1.6.3. Translation by Cultural Substitution……………………………… 10 
1.1.6.4.Translation by Using Loan Words………………………………… 10 
1.1.6.5. Translation by Paraphrase Using related word…………………….. 10 
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1.1.6.6. Translation by paraphrase Using Unrelated Words………………… 10 
1.1.6.7. Translation by Omission ………………………………………….... 10 
1.1.6.9. Translation by Compensation………………………………………. 10 
1.2. Idioms
1.2.1. Definition of Idioms………………………………………………………………….. 11 
1.2.2. Fixed Aspects of Idioms…………………………………………………………….. 12 
1.2.3. Types of Idioms…………………………………………………………………….... 13
1.2.3.1. Idioms of Encoding (Identifiable)……………………………………….. 13 
1.2.3.2. Idioms of Decoding (Non-Identifiable)………………………………….. 14 
1.2.4. Characteristics of Idioms………………………………………………………………15 
1.2.5. Classification of Idioms……………………………………………………………… 18 
1.2.5.1. Transparent- Opaque Idioms…………………………………………….. 18 
1.2.5.2. Culture Free and Culture Loaded Idioms…………………………………20 
1.2.6. Interpretation of Idioms……………………………………………………………… 20 
1.2.7. Use of idioms………………………………………………………………………… 21 
1.2.8. Idioms and Metaphors………………………………………………………………. 22 
1.2.9. Idioms and Clichés………………………………………………………………….. 23 
2.10. Idioms and Proverbs…………………………………………………………………. 24 
2.11. Idioms and Fixed Expressions……………………………………………………… 25 

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