Transitive and intransitive verbs (o’timli va o’timsiz fe’llar)

DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

(Sifat va ravishlarning darajalari)

1. Sifat va Ravishlarda 3 ta daraja bor: a) The Positive degree (oddiy daraja)

b) The Comparative degree (qiyosiy daraja)

c) The Superlative degree (Orttirma daraja)

2. Sifat va ravishlarning oddiy darajalarida darajani ko’rsatuvchi hech qanday qo’shimcha bo’lmaydi: good, small, badly, big, long.

3. Qisqa bir bo’g’inli va ikki bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning qiyosiy darajalari “-er” qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi va bu qo’shimcha “-roq” deb tarjima qilinadi: short – shorter (qisqa - qisqaroq), long – longer (uzun - uzunroq), big – bigger (katta - kattaroq).

4. Ko’p bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning qiyosiy darajalari so’z oldiga “more” (roq) so’zini keltirish bilan yasaladi: more beautiful – chiroyliroq, more interesting – qiziqarliroq, more dangerous.

5. Bir va ikki bo’g’inli qisqa sifat va ravishlarning orttirma darajalari so’z oxiriga “-est” (eng) qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi. Orttirma darajaning oldidan odatda “the” artikli ishlatiladi: long – longer – the longest – eng uzun; rich – richer – the richest-eng boy.

6. Ko’p bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning orttirma darajasini hosil qilish uchun so’z oldiga “the most” (eng) so’zini keltiramiz: the most handsome – eng ko’rkam; the most generous – eng saxiy;

Izoh: Darajani ozaytirib ko’rsatish uchun uzun sifatlarning oldida “less” (kamroq) va “the least” (eng kam) so’zlari ishlatiladi: Your picture is less beautiful than my picture. Sening rasming mening rasmimga qaraganda kamroq chiroyli. The least expensive restaurant is near our house. Eng qimmat bo’lmagan restoran bizning uyimiz yonida.

7. Ba’zi sifat va ravishlarning darajalari yuqoridagi qoidalarga bo’ysinmagan holda boshqacha usulda yasaladi: Good (yaxshi) - better (yaxshiroq) – the best (eng yaxshi)

Bad (yomon) – worse (yomonroq) – the worst (eng yomon)

Little (kam) – less (kamroq) – the least (eng kam)

Much (ko’p) – more (ko’proq) – the most (eng ko’p)

Many (ko’p) – more (ko’proq) – the most (eng ko’p)

Well (yaxshi) – better (yaxshoroq) – the best (eng yaxshi)

Badly (yomon) – worse (yomonroq) – the worst (eng yomon)

Far (uzoq) – farther (uzoqroq) – farthest (eng uzoq)

Far (qo’shimcha) – further (ko’proq) – the furthest (eng ko’p)

Old – older – the oldest - keksa – keksaroq – eng keksa