Tourism, Security and Safety From Theory to Practice

Table 7
Rotated Component Matrix for Practice Importance
Practice
Component
1
2
3
4
19
0.814
−
0.047
0.044
0.207
21
0.738
−
0.107
0.240
0.271
20
0.690
0.245
0.237
0.067
7
0.606
−
0.334
0.048
0.002
18
0.603
0.295
−
0.096
0.001
8
0.564
−
0.344
0.337
0.080
11
0.548
0.124
0.056
−
0.369
2
0.498
0.058
−
0.122
0.218
15
−
0.072
0.766
0.216
−
0.104
16
0.053
0.763
0.039
−
0.310
14
−
0.055
0.548
0.211
0.052
6
0.112
0.464
−
0.073
0.070
5
−
0.005
0.441
−
0.102
0.190
10
0.032
0.053
0.773
−
0.215
9
0.210
−
0.067
0.772
−
0.111
1
−
0.175
−
0.011
0.584
0.302
17
0.190
0.271
0.472
0.015
13
0.237
0.054
0.273
0.709
3
0.167
−
0.026
−
0.155
0.586
4
−
0.010
−
0.012
−
0.107
0.547
12
0.277
0.198
0.340
0.471
Note: Extraction method: principal component analysis Rotation method:
Varimax with kaiser normalization. A rotation converged in four iterations
H7898_Ch17.qxd 8/24/05 8:53 AM Page 322

---

Israeli Hospitality Crisis Management
323
Finally, the fourth factor of importance includes practice 13: Marketing to new
segments (such as the ultraorthodox Jewish segment); practice 3: Decreasing num-
ber of working days per week; and practice 4: Freezing pay rates. The fourth fac-
tor explains 9.5 percent of the variance and was titled “finding neglected segments
and tightening employment terms.”
Dimensions of Practice Usage
The Factor Analysis was employed again to analyze the usage of practices. Table 8
reveals that the 21 practices, grouped into 4 factors for usage according to
Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation method, accounted for 48.5
percent of the variance. Again, the factor analysis used the principal component
extraction method and Varimax rotation.
The first factor includes practice 16: Cost cuts by postponing maintenance to
the engineering systems; practice 15: Cost cuts by postponing maintenance of the
building (cosmetics); practice 14: Cost cuts by limiting hotel services, and practice
6: Increased reliance on outsourcing. The factor explains 13.5% of the variance
and was titled “cost cutting practices.”
Table 8
Rotated Component Matrix for Practice Usage
Practice
Component
1
2
3
4
16
0.833
0.137
−
0.058
0.046
15
0.814
0.021
0.084
−
0.075
14
0.709
0.085
0.161
0.011
6
0.537
−
0.051
0.023
0.304
5
0.413
−
0.155
0.164
0.009
4
0.199
0.140
−
0.101
−
0.007
19
0.010
0.751
0.323
0.068
18
0.019
0.670
0.041
0.007
20
0.160
0.634
0.268
0.317
2
−
0.323
0.617
−
0.201
0.131
21
0.006
0.609
0.476
−
0.121
1
0.215
0.406
0.212
−
0.264
10
0.205
0.307
0.273
−
0.100
9
−
0.005
0.120
0.779
0.120
12
0.105
0.066
0.638
0.106
17
0.248
0.187
0.618
−
0.098
8
−
0.164
−
0.232
0.608
0.528
13
0.000
0.159
0.554
0.051
7
−
0.092
−
0.041
0.143
0.767
11
0.384
0.000
0.037
0.612
3
0.071
0.319
−
0.005
0.548
Note:
Extraction method: principal component analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser
normalization. A rotation converged in ten iterations.
H7898_Ch17.qxd 8/24/05 8:53 AM Page 323

---

Factor 2 consisted of practice 19: Industry-wide demand for governmental assis-
tance with current expenses; practice 18: Organized protest against the lack of gov-
ernment support; practice 20: Industry-wide demand for a grace period on tax
payments; practice 2: Using unpaid vacation to reduce labor force; and practice 21:
Industry-wide demand for a grace period on local tax (municipality) payments.
Factor 2 accounts for 13% of the variance and was titled “recruiting government
support.”
Factor 3 comprised practice 9: Price drop on special offers; practice 12:
Marketing and promoting new products or services (family events, catering); prac-
tice 17: Extending credit or postponing scheduled payments; practice 8: Marketing
to domestic tourists with focus on specific attributes of the location; and practice
13: Marketing to new segments (such as the ultraorthodox). Factor 3 explains 13%
of the variance, similar to Factor 2, and was titled “massive marketing.”
Finally, Factor 4 included practice 7: Marketing to domestic tourists in joint
campaigns with local merchants (such as Visa, MasterCard); practice 11:
Marketing to foreign tourists with specific focus on the location’s distinctive fea-
tures and relative safety; and practice 3: Decrease the number of working days per
week. This factor accounts for 9% of the variance and was titled “focused market-
ing and shorter workweek.”
Several practices were not included in the factors for importance or usage. First,
practice 5: Replacing high-tenure employees with new employees was not included
in both importance and usage. Practices that were not included in the factors of
importance were: practice 2: Using unpaid vacation time to reduce labor force;
practice 6: Increased reliance on outsourcing; practice 17: Extending credit or
postponing scheduled payments; and practice 12: Marketing and promoting new
products or services (family events, catering). Three practices were not included in
the factors of usage. They were: practice 4: Freezing pay rates; practice 1: Firing
employees to reduce labor force; and practice 10: Reducing list price.