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Algoritmik tillar
Masalani echish algorithmi ishlab chiqilgandan so'ng dastur tuziladi. Dastur-bu berilgan algorithmga asoslangan biror bir algorithmik tilda yozilgan Ko'rsatmalar, ya'ni buyruqlar yoki operatorlar to'plamidir. Dasturlash-esa bu dastur tuzish jarayoni Bo'lib, u quyidagi bosqichlardan iboratdir:
1. dasturga Bo'lgan talablar;
2. qo'yilgan masala algoritmini tanlash yoki ishlab chiqish;
3. dastur kodlarini (matnlari, buyruqlarni) yozish;
4.dasturni to'g'rilash va test o'tkazish.
Hozirgi kunda juda Ko'plab algorithmik tillar mavjud. Ularga dasturlash tillari deb ataymiz. Algorithmik til - algoritmlarni bir xil va aniq yozish uchun ishlatiladigan belgilashlar va qoidalar tizimidir. Algorithmik til oddiy tilga yaqin Bo'lib u matematik belgilarni o'z ichiga oladi. Tuzilgan algorithmni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mashinaga berib Bo'lmaydi, shu sababli yozilgan algorithmni biror bir algorithmik tilga o'tkazish zarur. Har qanday algorithmik til o'z Qo'llanilish sohasiga ega. Masalan, muxandislik hisob ishlarini bajarishda Pascal, Beysik va Fortran. Iqtisod masalalarini echishda Pascal va Kobol. Mantiqiy dasturlash uchun Prolog va boshqalar. O'quv jarayonlari uchun Beysik, Pascal va boshqalar.
Paskal, Fortran, va Kobol tillari universal tillardan hisoblanadi. Assembler tili mashina tiliga ancha yaqin til Bo'lib o'rta darajadagi tildir. Algorithmik til inson tillariga qancha yaqin Bo'lsa, u tilga yuqori darajali til deyiladi. Mashina tili esa eng pastki darajali tildir.
ScienceDirect.Com saytidan algoritmik tillar haqida iqtibos
“Overview of methods and techniques
Visual programming for civil engineering Visual programming is an alternative to traditional text-based pro-gramming. Its accessibility increases its popularity, especially among non-programmers; even a little experience allows developing scripts for complex tasks [3]. Visual programming techniques are commonly used in non-informatics industries, and many Visual Programming Languages (VPL) serve specific fields [4]. Typical VPL scripts consist of methods graphically represented by blocks, also called nodes. The block input fields pass method parameters, while the output fields convey its results. Both input and output fields often take the specific data type: numbers, strings, or objects of a defined class (e.g., Point, Line, Surface). Blocks usually involve several inputs and one output, depending on the method. The scripts also contain the data insertion nodes with no input fields. Connected by wires, the blocks constitute a logic network of methods (Fig. 1). The graphical form of the script and instant returning of the methods’ results provides simplified control of dataflow and user- friendly debugging [5]. Visual programming is becoming popular also in architecture and civil engineering, especially in the BIM environment. Dynamo for Autodesk Revit, Grasshopper for Rhinoceros3D, Marionette for Vector-works, Allplan Visual Scripting for Nemetschek Allplan, and Bentley Generative Components are effective additions to the modeling soft-ware. VPL tools are used mostly for parameterized geometry modeling but can also serve other engineering tasks. Hence, extensive research has been conducted in this field. Chase [6] stressed visual programming utility for AEC students, e.g., integrating a generative design environ-ment with CAD allows architects and civil engineers to experiment with new forms and shapes [7]. Preidel and Borrmann [8] created VCCL (Visual Code Checking Language) for ensuring code compliance of models, including IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), while Haußler et al. [9] checked code compliance of railway BIM design. Preidel et al. [10] developed the visual Query Language for 4D Building Models (vQL4BIM) to retrieve BIM models’ data. Elbeltagi et al. [11] used Grasshopper and EnergyPlus to predict and visualize energy consump-tion in buildings. Similar software combination predicted aggregate energy demand using GIS data and calibrated multi-zone energy models [12]. Kensek [13] used visual programming for energy and shading analysis. Dynamo helped to optimize building energy performance [14] and to perform thermal analyses [15], while Grasshopper allowed daylight simulations [16], design of nearly zero-energy building [17], and forming a variable beam section [18]. “
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