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2.3. Sposobы poluchenie dannыx…………………………………31

2.4. Kompleksnыe analiz i obobщenie pervichnыx materialov.32
Glava -3. Kollektorы nefti i gaza, xarakteristika nefti,

gaza i vodы v nix…………………………………………………33

3.1. Kollektorы nefti i gaza…………………………………….33

3.2. Vыdelenie v nedrax zemli neftegazonosnыx otlojenie…34

3.3. TSel izuchenie razreza skvajin……………………………..35

3.4. Obemnыe svoystva kollektorov……………………………35

3.5. Nasыщennost kollektora neftyu, gazom i vodoy………..41

3.6. Pronitsaemost kollektora………………………………….44

3.7. Sostavlenie xarakteristik terrigennыx i karbonatnыx kollektorov……………………………………………………….46

3.8. Korrelyatsiya (sostavlenii) razrezov skvajin………………50

3.9. Neft v usloviyax plasta. ……………………………………56

3.10. Fizicheskie svoystva neftey……………………………….57

3.11. Gaz, kondensat i gidratы v usloviyax plasta………………61
Glava-4. Stroenie neftegazovыx mestorojdeniy i izuchenie ix form……………………………………………………………….76

4.1. Izucheniya ploщadey struktur ogranichivayuщix zalejey…76

4.2. Izuchenie dizyunktivnыx narusheniy………………………81

4.3. Izuchenie granits plastov, obrazovannыx v rezultate litologicheskix i stratigraficheskix ne soglasiy…………….83

4.4. Granitsa zaleji, svyazannыy, so stepenyu neftegazo- nasыщeniya…………………………………………………………84
Glava-5. Zapasы i energeticheskie usloviya neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy…………………………………………………….90

5.1. Zapasы nefti i gaza. Ponyatiya o zapasax nefti i gaza (kondensata)………………………………………………………..90

5.2. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya nefti, gaza, kondensata

otdacha plasta………………………………………………..……95

5.3. Energeticheskie usloviya neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy………………..…………………………………101

5.3.1. Plastovыe davleniya………………………………………101

5.3.2. Temperatura v nedrax neftegazovыx mestorojdeniy…..109

5.3.3. Estestvennыe rejimы zalejey nefti i gaza……………111

Glava-6. Geologicheskie osnovы razrabotki neftyanыx mestorojdeniy…………………………………………………..123

6.1. Geologicheskie dannыe dlya proektirovaniya………………123

6.2. Geologicheskie usloviya primeneniya poryadka puska v razrabotku neftyanыx i neftegazonosnыx zalejey v estestvennыx rejimax………………………………………….126

6.3. V razlichnыx geologicheskix usloviyax metod zakachki vodы………………………………………………………………129

Glava-7. Noveyshie metodы pri razrabotke neftyanыx zalejey i geologicheskie usloviya ix primeneniya…………………….…131

7.1. Vыtesneniya nefti pri pomoщi vodnыx rastvorov polimerov……………………………………………………….132

Glava-8. Osobennosti razrabotki gazovыx i gazokondensatnыx zalejey i vliyanie geologicheskix usloviya na ix razrabotku..137
Glava-9. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya texnologii zakachki vodы

v plast v usloviyax razrabotki mestorojdeniya……………….144

9.1. Vыdeleniya ob’ektov razrabotki…………………………..144

9.2. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya vыbora metoda zakachki vodы……………………………………………………………….148

9.3. Razmeщeniya skvajinы pri razrabotke neftyanogo ob’ekta……………………………………………………………158

9.4. Raznitsa davleniya pri razrabotke ob’ekta………………..164

Glava-10. Nablyudeniya razrabotkoy neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy………………………………………………….167

10.1. Fond skvajin pri razrabotke i nablyudeniya rabotы….167

10.1. Skvajinы proburivayuщiesya po ocheredi……………….169

10.1.2. Podschet izmeneniy fonda skvajin i nablyudeniya za

nim……………………………………………………………….170

10.1.3. Skvajinы s razlichnыmi vremenami puska……………173

10.2. Izvlecheniya nefti, gaza i poputnoy vodы………………..173

10.2.1. Dinamika nefti, gaza, vodы v dobыvaemoy ob’ekte…..173

10.2.2. Dobыcha nefti…………………………………………….176

10.2.3. Obvodnenie produktsii neftyanыx ob’ektov…………..179

10.2.4. Stepen izvlecheniya jidkosti………………………….180

10.2.5. Dobыcha gaza……………………………………………….182

10.2.6. Dokumentatsiya dobыchi nefti, gaza i vodы, obvodneniya plasta, nablyudeniya za zakachkoy vodы, uchet i dokumentatsiya…184

10.2.7. Podschet pokazateley dobыchi i dokumentatsii ix……..185

10.3. Nablyudeniya za davleniem i temperaturoy plasta………191

10.3.1. Davleniya v plaste i skvajinы pri razrabotke mestorojdeniya…………………………………………………...191

10.3.2. Pri dobыchi nefti i gaza raznitsa davleniya plasta i zaboy skvajinы…………………………………………………195

10.3.3. Opredeleniya pokazateley davleniya plasta i davleniya skvajinы…………………………………………………………203

10.3.4. Nablyudeniya za temperaturoy plasta i skvajinы pri razrabotke mestorojdeniya……………………………………..207

10.4.1. Nablyudeniya za ox vatoy protsessa vыtesneniya ob’ekta……………………………………………………………211

10.4.2. Postroeniya kartы oxvata vozdeystviya na plast……….218

10.5.1. Nablyudeniya za zakachkoy v plast vodы pri razrabotke nefti..…………………………………………………………….223

10.5.2. Nablyudeniya za produktivnыm gorizontы pri zakachke vodы……………………………………………………………….227
Glava-11. Kontrol za razrabotkoy mestorojdeniy nefti i gaza rabotayuщix v razlichnыx geologo-fizicheskix usloviyax…….232

11.1. Osnovы kontrolnыx za razrabotkoy…………………….234

11.2. Metodы kontrolya za razrabotkoy v predelax

prinyatыx rejimax razrabotki………………………………….237

11.3. Ustanovleniya texnologicheskix rejimov rabotы

gazovыx skvajin………………………………………………….240

11.4. Obosnovanie intervala prostrela plasta………….……242

11.5. Kontrol usovershenstvovaniya razrabotki

uporyadocheniya i osvoeniya metodov…………………………..…246
Glava-12. Dobыcha nefti i gaza po mestorojdeniyam………….249

12.1. Godovoy i pyatiletnyaya planirovaniya dobыcha nefti.…...250

12.2. Perspektivnыe planirovaniya dobыcha nefti……………252

12.3. Osobennosti dobыchi gaza…………………………………253

Glava-13. Oxrana nedr i okrujayuщaya sredы………………….255

13.1. Obщie pravila…………………………………………….255

13.2. Oxrana nedr pri burenii…………………………………258

13.3. Oxrana nedr pri ekspluatatsii zemley…………………..261

13.4. Oxrana okrujayuщey sredы……………………………….266
Ispolzovannыe literaturы……………………………………267

Contents
The foreword…………………………….…………………………..…7

1-chapter. The history of development of oil and gas geology…..10
1.1. Definition and tasks of oil and gas geology. …………………10

1.2. The period of development of oil and gas geology and the

role of scientists and engineers in it. .……………………………..11

1.3. The oil and gas geology within the wider branch of science.21

2-chapter. The tasks, methods and the objectives of the oil and gas geology……………………………………………………………23
2.1. The objectives and tasks of the oil and gas geology……..…23

2.2. Scientific investigations in oil and gas fields, the methods

of products’ extraction……….……………………………………….27

2.3. Data collection…..……………………………………………….31

2.4. The complex analysis and generalization of primary materials………………………………………………………..……..32
3-chapter. The collectors of oil and gas, characteristic of oil, gas and water in them……………………………………………………33
3.1. The collectors of oil and gas…………………………….…….33

3.2. Location of oil and gas deposits………………………………34

3.3. The purpose of study of a section of well……………………35

3.4. Volumetric properties of collectors……………………………35

3.5. Oil, gas and water –related saturation of a collector…….…41

3.6. Permeability of a collector………………………………….….44

3.7. Comparison of the characteristics of terrigenous and

carbon reservoirs…………………………………………………….46

3.8. Correlation (comparison) of cross-sections of wells….……50

3.9. Petroleum layers…………………………………………..…….56

3.10. Physical properties of oils……………………………..………57

3.11. Gas, condensate and hydrate layers………………………...61

a) Water in petroleum and gas deposits……………………………69

b) Chemical classification of layer’s water…………………………74

4-chapter. The structure of oil and gas deposits and study

of their forms…………..………………………………………………76

4.1. Investigation of the area of structures containing deposits.…76

4.2. Investigation of disjunctive infringements……………………..81

4.3. Investigation of borders of layers formed as a result

lithologic and strata-graphical disagreements………..……………83

4.4. The border of deposit, connected with a degree oil and gas saturation………………………………………………………………84
5-chapter. stocks and power conditions a petroleum and gas deposit…………………………………………………………….…..90
5.1. Stocks of petroleum and gas. Concepts about stocks of petroleum and gas (condensate)……..……………………………90

5.2. Geological substantiation of petroleum, gas and

condensate of feedback of a layer………..………………………..95

5.3. Power conditions a petroleum and gas deposits……………………………………………………………...101

5.3.1. Layer pressure……………………………………………....101

5.3.2. Temperature in entrails and oil and gas deposits..………109

5.3.3. Natural modes of deposits of petroleum and gas………..111
6-chapter. Geological bases of development oil and gas deposits………………………………………………………………123
6.1. Geological design data………………………………………..123

6.2. Geological conditions of start-up implementation into the development of oil and gas deposits in natural modes………….126

6.3. The methods of pumping of water in various geological conditions…………………………………………………………….129
7-chapter. The novel methods of development of petroleum deposits and geological conditions of their application………....131
7.1. Petroleum water displacement ( containing solutions of polymers)……………………………………………………………..132
8-chapter. The peculiarity of development of gas and gas

and condensate deposits and influence of geological

conditions on their development……………..…………………….137
9-chapter. The geological specifications performance of technology of pumping of water in a layer in the course of the development of deposits…………………………………..………..144
9.1. Allocation of objects of development ….…………………….144

9.2. Geological substantiation of a choice of a method of

pumping of water………………………………………………..….148

9.3. Location of wells in the course of the development of petroleum-extraction object……………….………………………..158

9.4. Difference of pressure in the development of an object……164
10-chapter. Supervision in the development a petroleum and

gas deposits………………………………………………..……….167

10.1. Well stock consideration in the development and

supervision of their progress……………………………………….167

10.1.1. The wells getting drilled one after another……………….169

10.1.2. Calculation of changes of well stock and its supervision170

10.1.3. Wells with various start-up time schedules……………...173

10.2. Extraction of petroleum, gas and associated water. ……..173

10.2.1. The dynamics(changes) of petroleum, gas, water in extracted object. …………………………………………………….173

10.2.2. Production of petroleum. ……………………………….....176

10.2.3. Irrigation of production of oil objects ……………………..179

10.2.4. Degree of extraction of a liquid……………………………180

10.2.5. Production of gas …………………………………………..182

10.2.6. Documentation of production of oil, gas and water, irrigation of a layer, supervision for pumping of water, account

and documentation…………………………….…………………..184

10.2.7. Calculation of parameters of production and their documentation……………………………………………………….185

10.3. Supervision over pressure and temperature of a layer…..191

10.3.1. Pressure in a layer and well in the course of the development of deposits……………………………………….. …191

10.3.2. A difference of pressure of a layer and bore-hall of a well…………………………………………………………………...195

10.3.3. Definition of parameters of pressure of a layer and pressure of a well………………………………………………..….203

10.3.4. Supervision over temperature of a layer and well in the development of deposits………………………..………………….207

10.4.1. Supervision over scope of process of replacement on a layer ………………………………………………………………….211

10.4.2. Construction of a card of scope of influence on a layer..218

10.5.1. Supervision for pumping in a layer of water by

development of oil deposits………………………………………..223

10.5.2. Supervision over productive horizon at pumping of water………………………………………………………….……...227

11-chapter. The control of development a deposit of oil and gas working in various .geological and physical conditions……..…..232
11.1. Basis of the control behind development…………………..234

11.2. Methods of the control behind development within the

limits of the accepted modes of development………………..…..237

11.3. Establishment of technological modes of operations of

gas chinks………………………………………………....…………240

11.4. Substantiation of an interval of lumbago of a layer.……...242

11.5. The control of improvement of development and

ordering of mastering (assimilation) methods…….…………….246

12-chapter. Production of petroleum and gas on deposits……..249
12.1. Annual and five-year planning of production of petroleum250

12.2. Perspective planning of production of petroleum………….252

12.3. Feature of production of gas………………………………...253
13-chapter. The protection of entrails and environment……….255
13.1. General(common) rules …………………………………….255

13.2. The protection of entrails at drilling…………………………258

13.3. The protection of entrails at operation of deposits….……261

13.4. Protection of an environment………………………………..266

The literature