Topic 8. MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL
EMPLOYEES
Plan:
1. The concept of community, types, stages of formation.
2. The concept of conflict. Structural methods of conflict
resolution.
3. Personnel management. Staff selection.
As you know, an organization is a voluntarily created, logically proven structure,
which in turn is under the full control of an experienced manager. An organization
is a social class and, at the same time, a means to an end, a place where people
build relationships and interact. That is why there are groups of people in every
official organization. Hence, the leader must know the basic socio-psychological
laws of groups and communities.
One needs a relationship and one finds satisfaction and joy in that relationship.
Most of us have a laid back attitude when it comes to interacting with other people.
In most cases, the meeting with other people will not last long. However, if two or
more people are in close contact with each other for a long time, they will
gradually begin to rely on each other spiritually. That fact must be taken into
account. " Each of us belongs to many groups at the same time. We are members
of several family groups. Most people still belong to a group of friends. The group
of students disbands after achieving certain goals.
A group is two or more people who interact with each other in such a way that
each of them interacts differently at the same time and feels its influence. does.
Formal organizations consist of two types - a group, ie a group team (leader and
subordinates) and a committee or target group.
Management voluntarily forms groups, which is mainly due to the horizontal and
vertical division of labor.
Formal organizations are formed at the request of leaders. As soon as it is built, it
becomes a social environment in which people interact in ways that the leader does
not want. People talk to representatives of different groups, large and small, in
public places, at meetings, after work, after lunch. From social interactions, many
friendly gurus and informal groups begin to emerge, all of which come together
and take the form of an informal organization.
An informal organization is a group of people who are informally united and are
constantly together to achieve specific goals. The work environment is the most
conducive to the emergence of this type of organization. The members of an
organization are interdependent. The result is an informal organization. Informal
organizations, like formal organizations, have their own hierarchy, leaders, roles
and rules.
The main reasons why people join a group are: a sense of belonging, mutual
support, mutual support and communication.
Features of informal organizations:
1. Social control is a standard of possible and impossible behavior. The social
control of an informal organization can direct and influence the achievement of the
goals of the formal organization.
2. Resistance to change.
3. Informal leaders.
In essence, there is no difference in the levers of influence used by leaders of
formal and informal organizations. The leader of the official group is recognized
by the group. The sphere of influence of the informal leader may go beyond the
administrative boundaries of the formal organization. The informal leader has two
functions: to help or assist the group in achieving its goals, and to support and
strengthen the organization. An informal organization has a dynamic relationship
with an official organization. Informal organizations have both positive and
negative aspects. Trust in a group can lead to trust in an organization. Factors
influencing the effectiveness of the group include: size, composition, group norms,
cohesion, group unity, conflict, the position of group members, the roles of group
members.
Size. The optimal size of the group should be 5-8 people. Groups of 5-11 people
make more informed decisions than groups of 12 or more people.
Composition. This is the degree of compatibility of perspective and approach in
making different decisions. When there are many different people in a group, it
makes the group more effective.
Group norms are when group members are told what to do and what to expect. One
scholar suggested the following classification of group norms:
1. Pride for the organization.
2. Achieving goals.
3. Usefulness.
4. Teamwork.
5. Planning.
6. Supervision.
7. Professional training of personnel.
8. News.
9. Relationship with the customer.
10. Defending the truth.
Cohesion is the aspiration of group members to each other or to a group. Group
consensus is the tendency for an individual to influence his or her own views on an
event so as not to disrupt group harmony.
Roles of group members. The most important factor in determining the
effectiveness of a group's activities is the behavior of each member. There are two
ways to create a routine team. Targeted roles. These should be distributed so that
group tasks can be selected and performed. Supportive roles include behaviors that
help activate and support group activities.
Management by committee.
A committee is a group within an organization that is empowered to perform a task
or set of tasks. The committee is compatible with any major organizational system.
A special committee is a temporary group formed to accomplish a specific goal.
A standing committee is a permanent group with a specific purpose within an
organization. For example, the standing committee is the Board of Directors.
8.2. The concept of conflict. Structural methods of conflict resolution
Conflict is a disagreement or confrontation, enmity, enmity.
A management dispute is a situation in which the parties fail to reach an agreement
between the manager, the employee and other employees.
Conflict situation is a conflicting, conflicting point of view of the parties on any
issue, the pursuit of conflicting goals, the use of various means to achieve them,
the incompatibility of interests, desires, and so on.
Conflict should always be addressed and every effort should be made to prevent it.
Conflict is not a natural state. Of course, human nature is full of contradictions, and
it cannot be said that it cannot exist without it. Conflicts arise as a result of the
development of differences of opinion. Differences in interactions, between
groups, between groups and individuals, between individuals and leaders, etc.,
irreversibility of opinions and actions, disagreements can reach the level of
conflict.
So, conflict is a product of social status, contradictions, disagreements,
contradictions. It is an event between people in private and social life, and is the
result of conflicts that arise in resolving certain issues. That is why it can be
prevented, that is, it can be used for development without waiting for the conflict
to reach the level of conflict. That is why not all contradictions and disagreements
are connected with disunity. Because they can be aimed at improving working
conditions, strengthening technology, management relations. Indeed, at the heart of
development and renewal are often contradictions, different opinions, usually
arguments, debates, advancing one's own opinion, one's own opinion or action,
whether right or wrong. development will continue due to the direction of various
actions, the struggle for innovation will be waged.
Of course, there are objective reasons for any conflict. But it can turn negative or
positive. The notion that conflict is necessary is impossible without it. But conflicts
can escalate. But turning it into a positive outcome, using it for development, gives
good results.
Conflicts can be personal, interpersonal, intergroup, or intergroup. Personal
internal conflict occurs as a result of non-compliance of production requirements
with personal requirements, conflict of interest of the employee, lack of full
employment, conflicting requirements.
Interpersonal conflict is caused by limited resources, manpower, capital,
equipment use, vacancies, and a variety of other characteristics.
The main reason for conflict between individuals and groups is the conflict
between the labor and behavioral norms that have developed between individuals
and the group. This is based on the style of leadership and the level of maturity of
the team, the inequality between management and professionals, the behavior of
the leader, the non-acceptance of the character by the group.
Intergroup conflict can be between formal community groups (administration and
trade unions), informal groups, and formal and informal groups.
Conflicts vary in duration, degree of impact on the community, and source of
conflict. Conflict management is required. That is why conflict management is so
important.
Conflict is the simultaneous collapse of action and counter-action. Conflicts are
based on demands, interests and personnel, and there are opposing parties who
push them forward. The driving forces of conflict and their spheres of vital activity
are given in the table below.
This table lists the main causes of deep conflicts between subjects at different
levels. Disagreements over the distribution of resources in the economy are
important. Because there are different views, standards, privileges, levels. It is
known that resources are always a problem, a shortage, and the struggle for it is
focused on supply. Any economic activity depends on resources. Different
economic approaches can be contradictory. This applies to material and labor
resources. Therefore, every action in this process can be associated with conflict
and discord.
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