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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256186772

Critical Success Factors for Online Distance Learning in Higher Education: A

Review of the Literature



Article

  

in

  

Creative Education · December 2012



DOI: 10.4236/ce.2012.38B014

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Bussakorn Cheawjindakarn

Chulalongkorn University

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Chulalongkorn University



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Chulalongkorn University



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Creative Education 

2012. Vol.3, Supplement, 61-66 

Published Online December 2012 in SciRes (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ce)                                 DOI:10.4236/ce.2012.38b014 

Copyright © 2012 SciRes. 

61 

Critical Success Factors for Online Distance Learning in Higher 



Education: A Review of the Literature 

Bussakorn Cheawjindakarn

1

, Praweenya Suwannatthachote



2

, Anuchai Theeraroungchaisri

3

 

1



Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 

2

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 



Email: bussakornonline@gmail.com, praweenya@gmail.com, anuchai@gmail.com 

 

Received 2012 



The aim of this paper is to specify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Online Distance Learning 

(ODL) in Higher Education (HE). Research methodology was analyzing and synthesizing the literature 

review. The literatures were reviewed to determine items relevant to online learning success as imple-

mentation, criteria and indicator. A total of 19 papers, published during 2000-2012, were selected from 

Chulalongkorn University reference databases. Data analysis method was using one of the popular analy-

sis techniques for qualitative research works or the content analysis. The results on the CSFs for ODL can 

be grouped into 5 factors: 1) institutional management, 2) learning environment, 3) instructional design, 4) 

services support and 5) course evaluation. Each of these 5 factors includes several important elements that 

can assist to enhance efficiency of online learning courses in higher education institutions. It is a concrete 

approach to lead functions of an online institute or course in all levels to the same directions for achieving 

the success of the institute‘s vision, and make staffs and executives know what they have to do for the 

success of online distance learning. 

 

Keywords: Critical Success Factor; Online Learning; Distance Education; Higher Education 

Introduction 

The growth in information technology (IT) rapidly changed 

the world. Accordingly, the teaching and learning in universi-

ties are adapted to keep up with the changes in communications 

and information technology for the development of quality 

education. This is to accommodate stakeholder groups (e.g. 

students, instructors, institute administrators, technical staffs, 

team producers, etc) to involve in their educational institutions. 

The internet has been used as a powerful tool to increase the 

accessibility to education for people around the world. Univer-

sities utilize and integrate  forms of online learning, which re-

quires access to the internet, as a new pedagogy form is differ-

ent from traditional ones. “Online learning occurs in response 

to distance education” (Malithong, 2005: 203). Online learning, 

also known in another terms as “e-Learning”, is the delivery of 

course content via electronic media (Khan, 2001; Harasim, 

2003). Many higher education institutions are seeing the move 

on to e-Learning that had saved cost by merging traditional 

courses with online learning innovations (Selim, 2005; Rudes-

tam & Schoenholtz, 2010: 370). It will be interesting to see 

how the increased use of online learning will fully affect dis-

tance education enrolments in institutions (Bates, 2005: 13-14).   

Therefore, the study of factors that affect critical success for 

ODL is important for many stakeholder groups. There are sev-

eral factors need to be considered when developing and imple-

menting for the success of distance learning in online courses. 




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