To date, psychodiagnostics is involved in solving a wide range of problems

Criteria validity is a set of characteristics that includes current and
prognostic validity and reflects the compliance of the diagnosis and prognosis
with a certain range of criteria for the phenomenon being measured.
analyze the following points:
A validated test, a generally accepted theory, a level of achievement in
any activity can serve as a validation criterion. Thus, the criterion validity of a
personality questionnaire for measuring social introversion can be determined
by comparing the test results with expert assessments of people who know the
subject well, with the results of observing the manifestations of this feature in
his behavior, with objective information about the social circle.
When analyzing construct validity, a set of theoretically expected
relationships is confirmed, which, in turn, are determined by the following
approaches:
A special place in the procedure for determining constructive validity is
occupied by factor analysis, which makes it possible to strictly statistically
analyze the structure of relationships between the indicators of the test under
study with other known and latent (hidden) factors, to identify common and
specific factors for the group of compared tests, the degree of their
representation in the results, i.e. determine the factor composition and factor
loads of the test result (factorial validity).
1) convergent validity (checking the degree of closeness of direct and
feedback);
Examples of such concepts are intelligence, personality traits, motives,
attitudes, and so on.
Because the manifestation of such constructs in human activity are diverse
and ambiguous in terms of their selection, then the establishment of construct
validity is a complex process. The most important aspect of construct validity is
internal consistency, which reflects how certain items (i.e. tasks, questions)
that make up the test material are subordinate to the main direction of the test
as a whole, focused on studying the same phenomenon. One component of
conceptual validity is age differentiation validity. It is associated with the age
dynamics of the studied quality.
2) discriminant validity (establishment of the absence of a connection);
3) factor validity, which allows strictly statistical
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Criteria validity includes both a complex of connections with the current
state of the phenomenon under study, and the probability and validity of a
forecast about its state in the future.
The use of expert assessments brings content validity closer to the
procedure for determining criterion validity. However, a significant difference
between these types of validity is that expert assessments in the analysis of
the content are the criterion of the
Indicators of current validity
degree
demonstrate
the representativeness of the characteristics of the studied mental phenomenon
as a result of the test, i.e. this indicator demonstrates whether the mental
property that we are studying is represented.
When validating achievement tests, the measurement result is compared with
the opinion of teachers about the knowledge of the subject in a certain area,
with academic assessments, control tests, etc. In the case of validation of
career guidance tests, test scores are compared both with peer-reviewed
assessments of colleagues and managers, and with objective indicators of
achievements in the professional field. A test can have as many validity
measures as there are criteria. The criterion must be objective, indisputable
and easily identifiable and reliable.
Predictive validity is information about the degree of accuracy and validity
of the technique to judge the diagnosed psychological quality, some time after
the measurement. It reflects the time interval to which the rationale for such a
judgment extends. Content validity is one of the main types of methodology
validity, which characterizes the degree of representativeness of the content of
test tasks in the measured area of mental properties. This validity is of
greater importance for tests that examine activities that are close or coincide
with real (more often educational or professional activities). Therefore, one of
the most important tasks in creating an adequate model of the tested activity is
the selection of such tasks that will cover the main aspects of the phenomenon
under study in the correct proportion to the real activity as a whole.
analysis of the degree of compliance of the developed model with real activity,
i.e. whether the model corresponds to the activity that is being diagnosed. Test
tasks are evaluated by experts on the principle of their proximity to real
requirements. Assessors make judgments about whether the test covers a
representative sample of specific skills and knowledge in the field of study
under study.
This validity is laid down in the test even when selecting tasks for
constructing the test. The first stage is the definition of the list of studied
properties and types of activity, the division of any complex ability into elements
(learning activity consists of the ability to listen and remember). The second
stage is the development of the actual test activity model based on the most
important elements. Third stage -
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Overwhelming majority
systems, temperament)
3. Measurement of socially determined dispositions (character)
isolation”, etc. In
order to be able to predict human behavior in the widest possible class of
possible situations, psychologists tend to measure the so-called universal, or basic,
traits. These features are, as a rule, the most general structural and dynamic
characteristics of the style of activity and are described in terms of "properties of
temperament" or in terms of "properties of the nervous system."
Plan
1. The concept of personality traits
2. Psychodiagnostics of constitutional dispositions (type of nervous
Thus, relying on the already known and accepted in the literature distinctions
between the three levels of mental regulation - organismic,
different types of linear correlation are used. It is enough that the coefficient of validity
is statistically significant, a low coefficient of validity of the order of 0.20 - 0.30 is
recognized, medium - 0.30 - 0.50 and high - over 0.60.
psychodiagnostic methods used in
practice, uses in relation to a person the language of description, similar to that
adopted in the natural sciences. A person, as an object in the natural sciences,
appears in this language as a set of parameters, which since the beginning of the
20th century. commonly referred to as a "personality profile". Each individual indicator
from a "profile" is usually referred to as a "line". In different situations that make
different demands on the individual, different features are actualized: situations that
require special care and attention provoke the manifestation of the traits “attentive–