|
Figure 33.
Number of members of the Korea Photovoltaic Industry Association by
business.
Source: KOPIA, June 7
th
, 2015.
5 (7%)
7 (9%)
10 (13%)
21 (28%)
3 (4%)
20 (26%)
5 (7%)
5 (7%)
Manufacturer - Polysilicon
Manufacturer - Ingot/Wafer
Manufacturer - Cell/Module
Manufacturer - Component/Equipment
Manufacturer - Inverter
Installer
Power Producer
Others
0
5
10
15
20
25
160
In this context, Korean solar PV industry has been led by large manufacturers of
polysilicon, ingot/wafer, and cell/module. Table 18 shows that a large portion of sales in
solar PV industry has generated from these manufacturers. The total sales of these
products accounted for more than 80 percent of the total solar PV sales in 2010. The
manufacturers of these products have exported a majority share of their products. Seventy
six percent of polysilicon, cell, and modules, and sixty four percent of ingot and wafer
were exported in 2010. In total, South Korea exported almost 70 percent of the solar PV
products in 2010.
Table 18.
Sales and exports by product in 2010.
Sales
(100 million KRW)
Exports
(100 million KRW)
Exports/Sales
Polysilicon
14,500
11,050
76%
Ingot/Wafer
8,700
5,593
64%
Cell
5,760
4,349
76%
Module
20,578
15,620
76%
Inverter
1,300
664
51%
Component
3,560
742
21%
Equipment
4,600
2,700
59%
Total
58,998
40,718
69%
Source: Status and Future of Solar Photovoltaic Industry, KOPIA, June 24
th
2011.
In sum, although solar PV has accounted for a small share of renewable energy
sources, it has significantly contributed to the development of renewable energy industry
in South Korea. Korean solar PV industry has developed based on manufacturing. In a
small domestic market, a large share of the solar PV products has been exported.
161
National solar policies
In 1997, Korean government established the First Basic Plan for Technology
Development, Application, and Deployment of New and Renewable Energy. The Plan set
the goal of 2 percent of renewable energy in total energy production by 2006.
192
To
achieve the goal, the Plan focused on technology development in eleven new and
renewable energy sources. Solar PV, solar thermal, fuel cell, and integrated gasification
combination cycle (IGCC) were pursued as main investment fields since those were
expected to be competitive globally and to significantly contribute to energy production.
The government expected to commercialize these renewable energy technologies by
2006.
The First Plan focused on technology development, but it did not include plans to
create market for developed technologies or to build infrastructure for industry. In this
backdrop, the Second Basic Plan for Technology Development, Application, and
Deployment of New and Renewable Energy, which was established in 2003, included the
plans for deployment of new and renewable energy as well as the plans for technology
development. It pursued to develop three main technologies—solar PV, wind, and fuel
cell—and to apply developed technologies by implementing actual projects. To increase
the deployment of renewable energy sources, a number of plans were included such as
renewable energy mandatory use for public buildings, home subsidy program, and a feed-
in tariff (FIT). The goal was to provide 5 percent of energy with renewable energy
sources by 2011.
193
192
Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Korea Energy Management Corporation.
2005
New and Renewable Energy White Paper
. 2006. p 202.
193
Ibid., p 204-211.
162
The FIT has significantly contributed to increasing solar PV installation since it
was introduced in 2002. The capacity of solar PV installations has been increased to
about 9-fold of the capacity of 2007 level in 2008 (Figure 34). There was a rush of solar
PV installation in 2008 because the government announced that the FIT of solar PV will
be decreased starting from October due to financial burden of the government in April,
2008. In 2008, the government also announced that the FIT will be repealed in 2011 to
minimize financial burden.
194
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