4
Table 2.
International trade disputes on renewable energy policy.
Dispute
number
Respondent
Complaint
Request date
At
issue
Current status
DS 412 Canada
Japan
(USA)
(EU)
Sep. 13, 2010
(Sep. 24, 2010)
(Sep. 27, 2010)
Domestic content
requirements in the
feed-in
tariff program
Implementati
on
notified by
respondent
DS 419 China
USA
(EU)
(Japan)
Dec. 22, 2010
(Jan. 12, 2011)
(Jan. 17, 2011)
Grants to domestic
manufacturers of
wind
power
equipment
In
consultations
DS 426 Canada
EU
Aug. 11, 2011 Domestic content
requirements in the
feed-in tariff program
Implementati
on notified by
respondent
DS 452 EU
Italy
Greece
China
(Japan)
(Australia)
(Argentina)
Nov. 5, 2012
(Nov. 16, 2012)
(Nov. 19, 2012)
(Nov. 19, 2012)
Domestic content
restrictions
In
consultations
DS 437 USA
China
May 25, 2012
Imposition of
countervailing duty
measures by the U.S.
on certain products
from China
Compliance
proceedings
ongoing
DS 449 USA
China
Sep. 17, 2012
Countervailing and
anti-dumping
measures on certain
products from China
Report
adopted with
recommendati
ons
DS 456 India
USA
(Japan)
(Australia)
Feb. 6, 2013
Feb. 13, 2013
Feb. 21, 2013
Domestic content
requirements
Appellate
Body report
circulated
DS 473 EU
Argentina
(Russia)
(Indonesia)
Dec. 19, 2013
(Jan. 9, 2014)
(Jan. 15, 2014)
Anti-dumping
measures
Appellate
Body report
circulated
DS 510 USA
India
Sep. 9, 2016
Domestic content
requirements
In
consultations
Source: WTO, “Index of Dispute Issues”,
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_subjects_index_e.htm
(accessed
October 10, 2016).
5
These new types of renewable energy policies conflict with the original goal of
renewable energy policies because they increase the cost of renewable energy. For
instance, domestic content requirement would increase the cost for renewable energy
installation by interrupting developers to use low-priced imported products. Increasing
trade of renewable energy products has contributed to reducing the
cost of renewable
energy, but it led governments to introduce the measures to protect domestic renewable
energy industry, which could slow down the increasing trend of renewable energy
installation.
Previous studies on renewable energy policy tend to focus on traditional
renewable
energy policies, which are mostly support policies.
4
Since they investigated
how support policies contributed to the growth of renewable energy, these studies barely
addressed the recent rise of non-traditional renewable energy policies. Although a few
recent studies examined the rise of renewable energy protectionism and
trade disputes,
they are limited in revealing why new types of renewable energy policies have
4
Bird, Lori, Mark Bolinger, Troy Gagliano, Ryan Wiser,
Matthew Brown, and Brian
Parsons. "Policies and market factors driving wind power development in the United
States,"
Energy Policy
33, no. 11 (2005): 1397-1407; Gan, Lin, Gunnar S. Eskeland, and
Hans H. Kolshus. "Green electricity market development: Lessons from Europe and the
US."
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