Тиллар ўҚитиш методикаси ва таълим технологиялари

Summary: The Grammar Translation Method:
1. Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use ofthe target language.
2. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words.
3. Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given.
4. Grammar provides the rules for putting words together and instruction often focuses
on the form and inflection of words.
5. Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early.
6. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in
grammatical analysis.
7. Often the only drills are exercised in translating disconnected sentences from the
target language intothe mother tongue.
8. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation.
There were many serious disadvantages «in-the grammar-translation method. Here are some obvious ones:
1) The grammatical analysis was very neat and satisfactory for the grammarians who had devised it, but it often made facts about the language very confusing to the students.
2) The method put a tremendous strain on students' memories.
3) Word-to-word translations were often unsatisfactory.
4) The students had to learn a lot of grammatical terms ( noun, tense, indicative, etc). In fact, they had tolearn a new language, talking about language.
The grammar-translation method in its orthodox form was practised in schools in the XVIII-th and XlX-th centuries. The development of pedagogies, psychology and linguistics brought changes in the grammar-translation method. It was greatly modified at the end of the XlX-th century and in the XX-th century, and, first of all, these modifications dealt with the approach to the relationship of "two grammars". Instead of forcing the target language into the mold of the learner's native language, the "grammars" are compared with the result of better comprehension and retention in all points of difference and interference. The grammar-translation method is often mentioned even nowadays when one wants to emphasize a traditional approach to foreign language teaching.