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Keywords: Metaphor, translate, language, translator, animal metaphor, food
metaphor, colour metaphor.
For most of us, a day without metaphors is like a day without sunshine.
Everybody uses from diverse metaphors each day in order to make the speech
attractive. There are many types of metaphors. Animal metaphor, colour
metaphor, food metaphors can be good examples, which are used widely. The
translation of animal metaphor is problematic. The ability of the translator is
very much influence to the result of metaphorical translation. He is not only
have to empower himself with both source and target languages, but also he
better has a deep cultural understanding especially about metaphor. ‘’I think of
the translator as a ghost who belongs to two worlds, two languages, two
cultures, but belongs fully to neither- a figure whose very existence
Til va adabiyot:
ilmiy va amaliy izlanishlar yoʻlidagi ilk odimlar
2020-yil 30-aprel
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demonstrates that this world and that world are not separate, but coexist in the
same place and at the same time” – said Michael Emmerich. [1- 220]
“My brother is the black sheep of my family”.
We can use this comparison to describe an association of a black sheep
with that person. A black sheep is an unusual animal, which typically stays
away from the herd and the person being described shares similar
characteristics.
“He was happy as a pig in slop”
The source domain here is “pig in slop” and target domain is “very happy
person “while in Arabic the target domain is “very ungrateful person’’. This
different conceptual mapping is due to the fact that pigs are of the lowest status
animals in the culture where Arabic is spoken. Pigs get a bad rap in Arabic. They
are associated with smelliness, untidiness and greed. They are used as an insult
for those who eat too much and men who behave like chauvinists. Arabic and
English are very similar and differences are based or cultural, environmental
and other factors. “There were not any pig there”. In Germany, it means that
nobody was there. In Uzbek, we can say this metaphor in other way. For
example: “There were not any dogʻ’. It means that nobody was there. There are
not difference. But It distinguish only animals. The interpretation of metaphors
is strongly culturally conditioned. This is especially the case with translated
metaphor. “My English is under all pigʻ’ To say in German is to suggest that it is
really bad. To say it in English proves its own point. This differences belong to
countries’ national animals. For example:
National animals:
1. United States – eagle
2. United Kingdom - lion, bulldog
3. United Arabic Emirates – oryx
4. Nepal – cow
5. Indian – elephant, dolphin, peacock
6. France – rooster
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7. Azerbaijan – horse
8. Algeria – fox
9. Russian – bear
10. Uzbekistan – Humo
11. Rome – eagle
12. Turkmenistan- horse [ 2. 67-96]
Many countries have own national animals and they found their national
animals’ statue. And it means there are many memory about this animals. For
example The Russian Bear is a widespread symbol for Russian, used in
cartoons, articles and dramatic plays since as early as the 16
th
century, and
relating alike to the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the present day
Russian Federation. [3.44]
Metaphors of colours:
It is interesting that there is meaning of colour. For example the colour
red metaphorical meanings. The colour red is commonly used to mean anger.
In the year 2.000, many Democrats were seeing red when the Supreme
Court voted to uphold George W. Bush’s election with although Al Gorge had
won the popular vote. [4. 125]
Pens with red ink were formerly used to write dawn the amount of
money that was lost in a business. When a business or government in losing
more money than it is earning, we say that it is in red ink.
The colour blue means sad and depressing. I feel blue. It means I am sad.
Many years ago in Spain, the term translated as blue blood meant
someone who was very rich or from a high social class.
In popular terms, to be yellow means to be afraid, as in a soldier who is
afraid to fight in a war. In politics, a leader may be called yellow if he or she is
afraid to use military force against an enemy. If people show their true colour,
this means that they are showing what they really think or believe. [5. 60]
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The author of Harry Potter Rowling is master of comparing one thing to
another. These comparisons often have hidden meanings that are later
revealed in the series. Here are just a few of her best metaphors:
“Mrs Durslay was thin and blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount
of neck, which came in very useful as she spent so much of her time craning
over garden fences, spying on the neighbour. In this metaphor, Rowling
compares Durslay to a crane, a bird that is graceful but also very powerful. For
long time readers of the series, they will see this image again when her story
with Harry comes to an end: she is strong and fierce, but there is also a grace to
her. [ 6]
If you want to learn any foreign language, you must not to stop searching
and compering language and culture. It may be help you to understand theme
and you comprehend what about it. If you know about different culture, you
compare it easy and it is not difficult to translate correctly. When we use
metaphor to link two ideas together, you are combining elements that have
little or no logical connection. So, metaphorical thinking can help you with
creative problem solving.
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