‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how

Ecological transformation
 
analysis
would measure ecological deficiencies by comparing current 
urban conditions to pre-development (indigenous) conditions, and in order to find ways that a new 
or retrofitted development can correct on-site and off-site ecological problems.
Ecological waste
is the loss of ecosystems and encompasses the time and cost of replacing them (of a 
whole forest ecosystem, for example, and not just the biomass). Ecological waste (a negative measure) 
is the converse of ecological space (a positive measure).
Ecologically sustainable development
(ESD) refers to development that meets sustainability goals, but 
in practice just means ‘greener’ than average. Development could instead produce more energy than 
it uses, cleaner air and water than it takes in, and so on.

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Positive Development
Eco-retrofitting
means modifying (and ‘greening’) urban areas to improve environmental and human 
health while reducing resource depletion, degradation and pollution. The aim would be to achieve 
a ‘sustainability standard’ – net positive improvements over pre-existing conditions.
Eco-services
is short for the ecosystem services (and ecology) provided by natural systems (air and 
water decontamination, pollination, flood control, climate stabilization, fertile soil, storm water 
retention, biodiversity, etc). ‘Ecosystem services’ tends to have an anthropocentric usage.
Embodied energy
is the combined energy inputs used in producing a material, product or building.
It includes energy used to provide indirect support services or equipment. The energy used in 
manufacture is often less than the energy used up to that point.
Embodied waste
refers to the total ‘accumulated’ waste that occurs at each stage of the whole 
production/consumption process over the product’s life span (eg the percentage of the tree not 
captured in products). It includes embodied energy, water, materials and other waste.
End-of-pipe
controls or technologies are those that filter or disperse pollution, instead of changing 
the materials, processes, fuels or other elements of design that cause the pollution in the first place, 
or closing loops so that waste is at least used as a resource.