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How does bioregional planning deal with overlapping ecological boundaries?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How does bioregional planning deal with overlapping ecological boundaries?
Regions have generally been seen as ‘nested’, such that ‘bioregions’ (eg a catchment) sit inside a 
‘biome’, which is an ecological community such as grasslands or wetlands. These, in turn, sit inside 
a ‘georegion’, which is a geological region such as a range of mountains or discrete section of coast.
Categories may include ‘ecoregions’, such as an island or desert region.
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This may have stemmed 
from the idea that there are ‘nested hierarchies’ in nature. More recently, the concept of a ‘mosaic’ of 
overlapping areas of different sizes has taken hold, recognizing that natural boundaries are permeable, 
fluid and changing over time.
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Nonetheless, bioregional planning has often emphasized defining 
static boundaries or mosaic patterns, instead of prioritizing ways in which different land uses can 
support each other. Too much emphasis can be placed on how to fit nature into a spatial taxonomy 
or concept of ‘hierarchy’ in conformity with traditional reductionist models. Our models of nature 
will always fall short, especially when based on preconceived abstractions or concepts borrowed from 
other fields. The concern should be less on typologies, metaphors and tools, and more on designing 
human systems that are zero waste or net positive at some scale – whether buildings, settlements or 
biomes.


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Positive Development
Once we define our nested, overlapping or amorphous boundaries, what next?
The second step in bioregional planning is usually to make an ‘inventory’ of both biotic and abiotic 
resources. To do so, planners draw on the local knowledge of residents and the natural history of 
the region, including traditional Aboriginal knowledge. Information on flora and fauna, climate, 
landforms, human ecology, resource potential, existing settlement patterns, demographics and so 
on is combined to create a ‘directory’ of the bioregion. Given the inertia of institutionalization, 
however, bioregional planning has yet to get much beyond information collection in many places.
Nonetheless, the analysis of the resource inventory and carrying capacity of the bioregion could 
provide the material basis for re-designing systems of production and construction in order to increase 
regional self-reliance and low-impact reversible development systems. Bioregionalism has tended to 
stop at this stage. It is recommended, therefore, that some form of resource transfer (RT) analysis be 
added to bioregional planning. This would provide an analysis of the inefficiencies, waste or losses 
due to past and ongoing resource flows and wealth transfers in the region. Mapping biodiversity
calculating carrying capacity and/or ecological footprints, and disseminating environmental literacy 
and education will not protect the environment if entrenched patterns of resource transfers are 
continuing to deplete them.

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