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How can the built environment contribute to wealth transfers and disparities?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How can the built environment contribute to wealth transfers and disparities?
Wealth transfers through conventional development occur on many levels. For example, materials 
and energy are extracted from the public domain and transformed into private property. In other 
words, even if not wasted, consumed or disposed of, others lose access to them.
31
So resources are 
essentially ‘privatized’ – whether in the control of a government bureaucracy or private corporation.
32 
The built environment has become a capital accumulation process that precludes many legitimate 
needs and interests. For example, many among the younger generation in Western democracies 
believe that they will be effectively locked out of the housing market. Land, resources and nature are 
ultimately finite and our current development decisions and designs are largely irreversible. Without 
systems design change, this is a terminal process. Because the demands of a growing population can 
no longer be met by acquiring new territories or colonies, industrialized development can be likened 
to a pyramid scam.
33
Currently, wealth is transferred from rural to urban areas in the ‘developed 
world’, and from subsistence communities to trans-national corporations in the ‘developing world’.
In other words, conventional ‘industrialized’ development works to transfer materials and energy 
(the basis of wealth) from poor to rich, nature to development, rural to urban interests, small to big 
business, and future to present generations [Chapter 14].
Isn’t this blaming development for the results of human apathy and greed?
No. It is a complex systems problem. The design of development has evolved to reflect and reinforce 
myriad forces and factors. We sometimes attribute systemic injustice to human nature, religion or 
acts of god. However, since the depletion, degradation and diminution of the public estate are deeply 
embedded in current patterns of development, they are ‘by design’. As noted above, they may not 
be intentional or even conscious, but they are designed into our systems. Figuratively speaking, 
we designed a society in accordance with a dualistic paradigm – a heaven and hell, as it were. This 
dominant Earth-denying paradigm meant that the real meaning of life is seen as ‘off the planet’. To 
make people more obedient, we created palaces for reward and ghettoes for punishment. This negative 
social control strategy was based on the notion that fear or greed shapes behaviour, an extraordinarily 
negative and authoritarian legacy. This is perhaps partly why we allow the existence of slums with 


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Design for Eco-services
the excuse that they reflect the sloth of its residents. Fortunately, we now have the collective capacity 
to re-design our systems of thought to create a heaven on Earth. There is no need to evacuate to 
Mars. The challenge of designing cheaper, more equitable and more ecologically-sound living spaces 
would be rewarding on many personal and social levels. If this possibility were widely recognized, 
people would not feel the need to claw their way to the top of a social hierarchy in order to avoid the 
depressing living conditions that poverty entails.

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