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Just how do we convert ‘impact mapping’ into positive design ideas?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Just how do we convert ‘impact mapping’ into positive design ideas?
As in the case of other environmental management processes we have reviewed, mapping processes 
should focus more on flows than just inputs and outputs, and focus more on positive potentials than 
just negative trends. Take, for example, a simple systems map of soil degradation issues in Australia 
[Figure 13]. By tracing factors and their connections in soil degradation, it became apparent that soil 
‘structure’ was a key factor in virtually all impacts.
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This facilitated further analysis of the relationship 
of soil structure to other environmental problems and identified it as a potential leverage point.
If we then reverse the map – drawing it with soil structure in the centre – it can assist in finding 
interconnections and synergies to generate positive impacts. In other words, since damage to soil 
structure is a negative consequence of many actions, strategies that improve soil structure directly 
could have positive spill-over effects on a whole range of other issues. Flows analyses suggest that 
there may not be enough organic material to fertilize soil, given the losses of topsoil worldwide from 
industrial agriculture and desertification (and salinity in some areas). However, low-cost organic 
solutions have also been proposed to improve soil health. Aquaponics, where fish fertilize the water, 
could possibly assist food production in areas of poor soil. Likewise, proposals have been generated 
to reverse impacts by developing mechanisms for delivering treated urban organic wastes to rural 
areas, or using compost locally to increase urban food production [Box 50].
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Ultimately, such a 
mapping process suggests that cities will need to produce soils as well as food, to counteract past 
topsoil losses in the bioregions.
Figure 13 Soil degradation impact wheel
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By reversing this negative impact wheel, we may identify programmes that enhance soil structure directly and 
have positive system wide spill-over effects.
Loss of riparian 
vegetation
Eutrophication 
(blue-green algae) 
Reduced agricultural 
production 
Scouring of 
river banks 
Soil 
erosion

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