Thinking, Fast and Slow

4: The Associative Machine
Associative Machine
: Carey K. Morewedge and Daniel Kahneman,
“Associative Processes in Intuitive Judgment,” 
Trends in Cognitive
Sciences
14 (2010): 435–40.
beyond your control
: To avoid confusion, I did not mention in the text that
the pupil also dilated. The pupil dilates both during emotional arousal and
when arousal accompanies intellectual effort.
think with your body
: Paula M. Niedenthal, “Embodying Emotion,” 
Science
316 (2007): 1002–1005.
WASH primes SOAP
: The image is drawn from the working of a pump.
The first few draws on a pump do not bring up any liquid, but they enable
subsequent draws to be effective.
“finds he it yellow instantly”
: John A. Bargh, Mark Chen, and Lara Burrows,
“Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and
Stereotype Activation on Action,” 
Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology
71 (1996): 230–44.
words related to old age
: Thomas Mussweiler, “Doing Is for Thinking!
Stereotype Activation by Stereotypic Movements,” 
Psychological Science
17 (2006): 17–21.
The Far Side: Fritz Strack, Leonard L. Martin, and Sabine Stepper,
“Inhibiting and Facilitating Conditions of the Human Smile: A Nonobtrusive
Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis,” 
Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology
54 (1988): 768–77.
upsetting pictures
: Ulf Dimberg, Monika Thunberg, and Sara Grunedal,

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“Facial Reactions to Emotional Stimuli: Automatically Controlled Emotional
Responses,” 
Cognition and Emotion
16 (2002): 449–71.
listen to messages
: Gary L. Wells and Richard E. Petty, “The Effects of
Overt Head Movements on Persuasion: Compatibility and Incompatibility
of Responses,” 
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
1 (1980): 219–30.
increase the funding of schools
: Jonah Berger, Marc Meredith, and S.
Christian Wheeler, “Contextual Priming: Where People Vote Affects How
They Vote,” 
PNAS
105 (2008): 8846–49.
Reminders of money
: Kathleen D. Vohs, “The Psychological
Consequences of Money,” 
Science
314 (2006): 1154–56.
appeal of authoritarian ideas
: Jeff Greenberg et al., “Evidence for Terror
Management Theory II: The Effect of Mortality Salience on Reactions to
Those Who Threaten or Bolster the Cultural Worldview,” 
Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology
{gy
“Lady Macbeth effect”
: Chen-Bo Zhong and Katie Liljenquist, “Washing
Away Your Sins: Threatened Morality and Physical Cleansing,” 
Science
313 (2006): 1451–52.
preferred mouthwash over soap
: Spike Lee and Norbert Schwarz, “Dirty
Hands and Dirty Mouths: Embodiment of the Moral-Purity Metaphor Is
Specific to the Motor Modality Involved in Moral Transgression,”
Psychological Science
21 (2010): 1423–25.
at a British university
: Melissa Bateson, Daniel Nettle, and Gilbert
Roberts, “Cues of Being Watched Enhance Cooperation in a Real-World
Setting,” 
Biology Letters
2 (2006): 412–14.
introduced to that stranger
: Timothy Wilson’s 
Strangers to Ourselves
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002) presents a concept of an
“adaptive unconscious” that is similar to System 1.