Theoretical Grammar The subject-matter of theoretical grammar. Its relation to practical grammar

7. General characteristics of the verb as a part of speech. Grammatically relevant subclasses of verbs (transitive/intransitive, terminative/non- terminative).

Verb is a part of speech that denotes an action,

It has the following grammatical categories:
- person - aspect
- number - voice
- tense - mood
These categories may be expressed by means of affixes, innaflexions (change of the route vowel) and by form words. According to the functional verbs perform in the sentence; they can form finite (особові) and non-finite forms. The finite form can be used as the predicate of the sentence. The non-finite can’t be used as the predicate of the sentence, they are called “verbals” (Participle I, II, Infinitive, Gerund).
According to the morphological structure verbs can be divided into:
- simple ; - derivative (rewrite, undo) ; - compound (day-dream, brain-beat) ; - composite (give up, sit down).
The basic forms of the verb are:
- the infinitive ; - the past indefinite ; - the participle II
speak – spoke – spoken.
According to the syntactical function verbs are divided into:
notional verbs – always have a lexical meaning of their own and have an independent syntactical function in the sentence (may be used as a simple predicate).
auxiliary verbs – have only grammatical function used in analytical form.link verbs – which have lost their lexical meaning to some extend and are used in compound nominal predicate.
A verb can be
- transitive which can take:
a) a direct object
b)direct and indirect object.
c) prepositional object
intransitive verbs can’t take a direct object.

Semantically all verbs can be divided into:

- terminative
- non-terminative
a) Terminative verbs amply a limit beyond which an action can’t continue. (to break).
b) Non-terminative denote an action which don’t amply any limit. (to love, to live, to posses).
c) Verbs of double lexical character/aspect. These verbs in certain context have a terminative meaning, and in other – a derivative.