Theme: syntax in oe contents I. Introduction II. Main body. Structural relations of old english

1. Which forms of the verb were there in Old English?

A) The infinitive

B) Participle

C) The infinitive and participle

2What are adverbial elements?

A) Prepositional phrases

B) Adverb clauses

C) Prepositional phrases and adverb clauses

3.How many types of word order were in Old English?

A) 4

B) 3

C) 2

4. In the syntactic structure of a language, Which elements play a major role?

A) Phrase and word order

B) Word order and sentence

C) Phrase and sentence

5. What are the ways of expressing syntactical relations?

A) Agreement , government

B) Government, joining

C) Agreement, government, joining

6.How can the predicate be in Old English?

A) Verbal

B) Verbal and nominal

C) Nominal

7.Which elements represent the parenthesis in Old English?

A) Adverbs

B) Phrases and adjectives

C) Adverbs and phrases

8. What includes in mixed sentences?

A) Coordination

B) Subordination

C) Both of them

9. Which sentence is suitable for Old English?

A) I do not see anything

B) I see nothing

C) l do not see nothing
CONCLUSION

If l conclude my course work, l want to summarize all information about the syntax in Old English. As l mentioned above , there are a huge difference between old and modern english in terms of syntax. Old English differs from the English that we are nowadays using in many ways. One of these things is in its syntax.Being a significantly more morphologically inflected language than modern English, Old English syntax was more flexible than what we find today. If we were to simplify matters, we could say that the general tendency in Old English main clauses is to show V2 order. Firstly, the structure of sentences are more free in OE than modern english. It may be formed in any order. For example, Subject + Verb, Verb + Subject and others. But in modern english, only Subject - Verb type is used in positive sentences. The type Verb - Subject is used only in interrogative sentences. In addition to this, negation in sentences is also different between old and modern english. In old english, the numbers of negative features were free. I mean we may use some negative expressions in a sentence. For example, I do not want to eat nothing. In this sentence, there are two negations: not and nothing. But in modern english, it is not appropriate. The syntactical structure of OE was determined by two major conditions: the nature of OE morphology and the relations between the spoken and the written forms of the language. OE was largely a synthetic language; it possessed a system of grammatical forms which could indicate the connection between words; consequently, the functional load of syntactic ways of word connection was relatively small. It was primarily a spoken language, therefore the written forms of the language resembled oral speech – unless the texts were literal translations from Latin or poems with stereotyped constructions. There was no fixed word order, the order of the words in sentence being relatively free. Consequently, the syntax of the sentence was relatively simple; coordination of clauses prevailed over subordination; complicated syntactical constructions were rare.Old English syntax was similar in many ways to that of Modern English. However, there were some important differences.

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Appendix 2

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