Theme: sentimental journey L. Stern as a work of english sentimentalism

TRADITONAL FOLKLOR

Robert Burns is well-known everywhere in the world. And yet it is our country the Scots name his second home. Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak made the most entire translations of the brilliant poet, and they are all stored in the Museum of Robert Burns in Alloway.
Alexander Tvardovsky wrote: "Marshak made Robert Burns Russian, leaving him Scottish."
260 years exceeded since the birth and 223 years exceeded because the dying of Scottish poet Robert B⁴urns (1759-1796), but the memory of him still alive. Its influence on English literature, specifically in the duration of romanticism, is so great that it is hard to define.
Burns is in general a poet of pleasure of life. Many masterpieces of his lyrics is an enthusiastic hymn to the dignity of youth, splendor, courage, loyalty, justice. He mixed nature and the sector of human emotions. In his poetry, descriptions of herbal phenomena serve the reason of a deeper disclosure of the internal international of the characters, to deliver grief, pleasure, fun, sadness. Burns wrote easy and delightful songs that were sung throughout Scotland.
Working on the venture and getting familiar with the literature, we found out that many authors extol Robert Burns as a romantic poet — in the regular and literary feel of this definition. However, in our opinion, Burns's worldview was primarily based totally on the realistic sanity of the peasants, amongst whom he grew up. With romanticism he, in essence, had not anything in common.
In addition, it can be assumed that his poetry is much in advance of his time, the era of Enlightenment, which, as the researchers note, is more function of the allegory, which is primarily based totally on ethical, that is, ethical experience.
Having studied the subject of our challenge, we’ve found out that this topic remains applicable in our days, because Robert Burns is taken into consideration one of the maximum influential writers withinside the eighteenth century and new statistics are acting continuously in our days. We’ve understood how his poetry was near humans’s lives and he enables us to recognize a few information from British records.
In English lessons, we have learned that any Scot will not forget to have a traditional “Sopa” on the day of Burns’ birth on the 25th January, that is called Burns Night Supper. Of all of the nations in Europe, as far as I know, Scotland is the only one that has turned into the main excursion of the year, the birthday of its "major" poet. It remains to be glad that Russia also reads and sings his poems, including Scottish poems in Russian. After giving up his farm, he removed to Dumfries. It was at this time that, being requested to write lyrics for The Melodies of Scotland, he responded by contributing over 100 songs.^[20] He made major contributions to George Thomson's A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice as well as to James Johnson's Scots Musical Museum.^{[citation needed]} Arguably his claim to immortality chiefly rests on these volumes, which placed him in the front rank of lyric poets.^[20] As a songwriter he provided his own lyrics, sometimes adapted from traditional words. He put words to Scottish folk melodies and airs which he collected, and composed his own arrangements of the music including modifying tunes or recreating melodies on the basis of fragments. In letters he explained that he preferred simplicity, relating songs to spoken language which should be sung in traditional ways. The original instruments would be fiddle and the guitar of the period which was akin to a cittern, but the transcription of songs for piano has resulted in them usually being performed in classical concert or music hall styles.^[24] At the 3 week Celtic Connections festival Glasgow each January, Burns songs are often performed with both fiddle and guitar.
Thomson as a publisher commissioned arrangements of "Scottish, Welsh and Irish Airs" by such eminent composers of the day as Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven, with new lyrics. The contributors of lyrics included Burns. While such arrangements had wide popular appeal,^{[25][26][27][28]} Beethoven's music was more advanced and difficult to play than Thomson intended.^[29][30]
Burns described how he had to master singing the tune before he composed the words:
My way is: I consider the poetic sentiment, correspondent to my idea of the musical expression, then chuse my theme, begin one stanza, when that is composed—which is generally the most difficult part of the business—I walk out, sit down now and th⁵en, look out for objects in nature around me that are in unison or harmony with the cogitations of my fancy and workings of my bosom, humming every now and then the air with the verses I have framed. when I feel my Muse beginning to jade, I retire to the solitary fireside of my study, and there commit my effusions to paper, swinging, at intervals, on the hind-legs of my elbow chair, by way of calling forth my own critical strictures, as my, pen goes.
— Robert Burns
Burns also worked to collect and preserve Scottish folk songs, sometimes revising, expanding, and adapting them. One of the better known of these collections is The Merry Muses of Caledonia (the title is not Burns's), a collection of bawdy lyrics that were popular in the music halls of Scotland as late as the 20th century. At Dumfries, he wrote his world famous song "A Man's a Man for A' That", which was based on the writings in The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine, one of the chief political theoreticians of the American Revolution. Burns sent the poem anonymously in 1795 to the Glasgow Courier. He was also a radical for reform and wrote poems for democracy, such as – Parcel of Rogues to the Nation, The Slaves Lament and the Rights of Women.
Many of Burns's most famous poems are songs with the music based upon older traditional songs. For example, "Auld Lang Syne" is set to the traditional tune "Can Ye Labour Lea", "A Red, Red Rose" is set to the tune of "Major Graham" and "The Battle of Sherramuir" is set to the "Cameronian Rant".
Burns's worldly prospects were perhaps better than they had ever been but he alienated some acquaintances by freely expressing sympathy with the French,^[31] and American Revolutions, for the advocates of democratic reform and votes for all men and the Society of the Friends of the People which advocated Parliamentary Reform. His political views came to the notice of his employers, to which he pleaded his innocence. Burns met other radicals at the Globe Inn Dumfries. As an Exciseman he felt compelled to join the Royal Dumfries Volunteers in March 1795.^[32]
Robert Burns is a representative of the XVIII century; I am a representative of the XXI century. We are separated by about three centuries. But in my opinion, Burns is surprisingly modern. He is in comedy and in musical, in a serious movie and in pop lyrics. For example, the feature film "Hello, I'm your aunt!" In it we can hear Kalyagin’s hero, who is making a song the song “Love and poverty forever caught me in the network. For me, poverty does not matter, does not be love in the world." In the film "Office romance" the song on Burns’ poem is performed by Freundlich: "My soul is no peace. I've been waiting all day for someone...»

While I was working on the topic, I learned that R. Burns's lyrics have occupied a significant position in the history of British literature. His works are unique and exceptional in their kind, as noted by many contemporaries of the poet. Burns was close to the natural world and this explains the peculiarity of his perception of the world and the artistic originality of the lyrics.