Theme: Means of transportation Plan

Theme: Means of transportation
Plan:
Introduction

1. 
    Transport categories
   
2. 
    Brief description of modes of transport
   

2.1. Aquatic
2.2. Automotive
2.2.1. Personal car
3. Transport, energy and environment


Introduction

Japanese drawing (1899) showing different ways of moving
Transport (from Latin trans - “through” and portare - “carry”) - a set of means designed to move people, goods from one place to another. This article reveals the concept of transport in this sense.
Often, the term "transport" means the entire set of infrastructure, management, vehicles and transport enterprises that make up the transport system, or a sector of the economy. In physics there are so-called transport phenomena. The movement of molecules or ions through cell membranes or through the blood circulation is also called transport in biology. In computer science and electromechanics, the term "transport" implies the description of some computer network protocols.

1. Categories of transport
Transport is divided into three categories: public transport, special use transport and personal or individual transport. Public transport should not be confused with public transport (public transport is a subcategory of public transport). Public transport serves trade (transports goods) and the population (passenger traffic). Transport for special use - intra-production and intra-departmental transport. Finally, personal transport is cars, bicycles, yachts, private jets.
Personal automatic transport forms a new category, as it combines the features of urban public transport and personal vehicles.
2. Brief description of modes of transport
2.1. Water

Water transport is the oldest form of transport. At least until the advent of transcontinental railways (second half of the 19th century), it remained the most important mode of transport. Even the most primitive sailing vessel covered four to five times the distance in a day than a caravan. The transported cargo was large, the operating costs - less.
Water transport still retains an important role. Due to its advantages (water transport is the cheapest after pipeline transport), water transport now covers 60-67% of the total world cargo turnover. Inland waterways transport mainly bulk cargo - building materials, coal, ore - the transportation of which does not require high speed (competition with faster road and rail transport affects here). Water transport has no competitors in transportation across the seas and oceans (air transportation is very expensive, and their total share in cargo transportation is low), so sea vessels transport a variety of types of goods, but most of the cargo is oil and oil products, liquefied gas, coal, ore.

The role of water transport in passenger traffic has significantly decreased due to its low speeds. Exceptions are high-speed hydrofoils (sometimes taking on the function of intercity express buses) and hovercraft. The role of ferries and cruise liners is also great.

• 
  Vehicles : ships
  
• 
  Ways of communication : above / below the surface of the seas and oceans, canals, locks
  
• 
  Signaling and control : beacons, buoys
  
• 
  Transport hubs : sea and river ports and stations