advanced shock troops in some of the most decisive battles of the conquest—
including
the battle of Montgisard, where some 500 knights helped defeat the
legendary sultan Saladin’s troops, which numbered over 26,000 combatants.
Both their reputation as fearless and feckless warrior-monks as well as the
uncouth lore surrounding them (a regular euphemism of the time was “to drink
and swear like a Templar”) helped establish the reputation of the Knights
Templar as one of the most elite and fearsome scourges to attack the Middle
East; a reputation they shared with the Hashishins of the previous chapter (of
whom, the Templars undoubtedly came into contact with, and it is rumored,
integrated certain philosophical tenets and mysteries
into their secret initiation
rites.)
By 1307, both the wealth, reputation and arrogance of the Templars had
fallen into negative favor, particularly with the
newly elected Pope Clement V
(who sought to merge the order with another Christian military council, the
Order of the Hospitallers, granting him benefit and power over both) as well as
King Philip IV of France (who was in debt to the Templars as a result of his war
with England.) Rumors began to abound about the Templars “secret” teachings;
they were reputed to regularly engage in homosexuality,
both denying the
divinity of Christ and both trampling and spitting on the cross as part of their
initiation rites, and worshipping a strange “bearded” idol of a head (alternately,
the head of a goat) they referred to as “Baphomet.”
These charges, along with others that constitute what was unquestionably
heretical in 14th century France, have never been proven. But they have also
never been
disproven
. Homosexuality has been a common practice among
soldiers who, traveling long distances of many years without wives, seek some
form of gratification, and may have been more prevalent among warrior-monks
sworn to uphold a vow of celibacy. Denying and insulting the divinity of Jesus
may seem like an unusual practice among sworn defenders of Christendom; but
what better way to instill fear and test a potential recruits’ bravado than attacking
the general tenets of their sworn allegiance?
Numerous theories abound for the presence of Baphomet. These include, a
linguistic corruption of the prophet Muhammed, or Mahomet;
a symbol of the
“baptism of wisdom” (the direct translation of the Greek term “baphe-metis”);
and a literal idol (it is interesting to note that in cabalistic theory, the lesser
countenance of God—the “Zaur Anpin”—is revealed as a human head.)
Regardless of these elaborations, one thing is certain. On Friday, October 13th
of 1307 (the origin of the superstition of Friday the 13th), King Philip ordered
the arrest of several hundred Knights Templar, including their grandmaster
Jacques de Molay, and formally charged them with heresy, financial corruption,
bribery and secrecy.
Their assets were seized, members were tortured and
burned alive at the stake (including de Molay) and the order was formally
dissolved. The few Templars who survived the extermination went underground
into recluse, reemerging a few years later to forge alliances with other military
Christian orders prevalent in Europe at the time, such as the Order of Teutonic
Knights and the Knights of St. John.
The Templars may have died in the most ignominious of manners. But their
legacy—and some say their secret teachings—continue to this day. Sometimes
in the most sinister form imaginable, as you will soon see.
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