The United States of America is a union of fifty states and is the third largest country in the world

Vocabulary

English	Russian	Uzbek
to support	поддерживать	qo'llab quvvatlamoq
Temperate	умеренный	o'rtacha
landscape	ландшафт, пейзаж	manzara
coastal plain	прибрежная равнина	sharon tekisligi
iron ore	железная руда	temir ruda
timber	древесина	yog'och
limestone	известняк	ohaktosh
hazard	стихийное бедствие	xavfli
severe	суровый, сильный	qattiq
legislation	законодательство	qonunchilik
chief of state	глава государства	davlat boshlig'i
to accomplish	выполнять	amalga oshirish
to transform	превращать, преобразовывать	o'zgartirmoq
to be dependent on	зависеть	qaram bo'lish
mining	добыча полезных ископаемых	konchilik
food processing	пищевая промышленность	oziq ovqat ishlab chiqarish
aborigine	туземец, абориген, представитель коренного населения	tub joyli kishi
Polynesian	полинезийский	polineziyalik
to sail	плавать, совершать плавание	kemada suzmoq
double canoe	двойное каноэ	kanoe
to reach	Достичь	Erishish, yetmoq
the Vikings of the Sunrise	викинги страны Восходящего Солнца	quyosh chiqish davlatning vikinglari
bubbling mud	булькающая грязь	qabariq loy
Fiord	фьорд	Fiord
notwithstanding	тем не менее, однако, все же	qaramay,
Settler	поселенец	ko'chkindi
Settlement	поселение, селение, небольшой городишко	Manzilgoh

Australia is called the land: On top of the world. On the bottom of the world. D own under.	W hat is the capital of New Zealand? Auckland. Wellington. Queenstown.	T he first people to live in Australia were the: English. Aborigines. Australians.
T he capital of Australia is: Sydney. Canberra. Melbourne.	T he native people of New Zealand are the: Australians. New Zealanders. Maori.	When is Australia Day celebrated? 6th February. 26th January. 4th July.
New Zealand is made up of how many islands? Six. Eight. Twelve.	Australia was first used as a … colony by the English. prison refugee slave	The official language of New Zealand is: Maori. English. French.
Which of these animals isn’t originally from Australia? Koala. Kangaroo. Kiwi.	Australians are also called: Austrans. Aussies. Austries.	What separates Australia from New Zealand? The Pacific Ocean. The Tasman Sea. The Indian Ocean.
What is the national sport of New Zealand? Soccer. Tennis. Rugby.	The aborigines used the boomerang as: a weapon. a toy. an utensil.	What are the wild dogs that live in Australia called? Dingoes. Wombats. Hyena.
In what year did Australia become a Federation? 1901. 1891. 1881.	Which New Zealand reptile is the world’s most ancient animal? Tuatara. New Zealand Alligator. Komodo Dragon.	What constellation features on New Zealand’s flag? The Southern Cross. Orion. The Big Dipper.
W hat famous Australian actor starred in Crocodile Dundee? Mel Gibson. Paul Hogan. Brad Pitt.	Who discovered New Zealand? Abel Tasman. James Cook. Vasco da Gama.	The trilogy “The Lord Of The Rings” was filmed on location in: Australia. New Zealand. Canada.

Noun Identification
What is a noun? A noun is a person, place, thing, quality, animal, idea or activity.
For example:
Person — Maria; Place — Detroit; Thing — Desk; Quality — Width; Animal — Dog; Idea — Independence; Activity — Navigation.
Spot the nouns in a sentence: Maria went into the city to purchase detergent.
Nouns: Person — Maria; Place — City; Thing — Detergent.
The functions of nouns
Nouns sometimes function differently in sentences. For example:
Subject: Maria likes ice cream
Object of Preposition: He gave the ice cream to Maria
Subject complement: The best customer is Maria
Grammar vocabulary: Nominal means any word, or group of words, used as a noun. The nominal word used in the original noun example is Maria.
Types of Nouns
The names of specific things, places, and people, like Maria or Detroit, are Proper nouns. General, colloquial names, like table or house are Common nouns. Common nouns can either be concrete, or abstract. When an object is concrete i.e. you can see it and touch it, like a phone or a chair, it is a Concrete noun.When it is a quality or idea, like freedom or justice, it is an Abstract noun.
Practice.

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian or Uzbek.

1. The firm stated that a license was required for the export of these goods. 
2. Russia has the world’s largest deposits of oil. 
3. We have received some important information on the state of the wool market. 
4. Mathematics forms the basis of many other sciences. 
5. Coal is extracted in many districts of our country. 
6. A new glass works has been built near the village. 
7. He is the father of my sister’s husband. 
8. A woman of her intelligence would make a good Supreme Court justice. 
9. His clothes were wet as he had been caught in the rain. 
10 The “Neva’s” cargo consisted of wheat and barley. 
11. In this article you will find the figures of Italian exports and imports for the last three months. 
12. Scientists have been collecting data on air pollution levels.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Possessive Case.

1. The office of our manager is very big. 
2. They will consider the proposals of Mr. Black at their next meeting. 
3. This is, in the opinion of the critics, their best record for years. 
4. The computer of Tom and Helen is modern. 
5. We have not yet received the answer of buyers. 
6. The working day of our Commercial Director begins at 9 o’clock in the morning. 
7. Do you know the telephone number of the Petrovs? 
8. My husband knows a lot about detective novels of Agatha Christie. 
9. She put the wet boots of the boys near the stove.

Exercise 3. Make the nouns in bold plural. Change sentences if necessary.

1. A copy of the contract was sent to London. 
2. The last leaf fell from the tree. 
3. The woman standing by the window is our secretary. 
4. This shoe is too large for my foot. 
5. “Is this worker an Englishman or a German?” — “He is a Frenchman”. 
6. The mouse was caught. 
7. What is the child’s name? 
8. The roof of the house was covered with snow. 
9. A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit.

Exercise 4. Make the nouns in bold singular. Change sentences if necessary.

1. These factories produce furniture. 
2. The wives of the sailors came to the shore. 
3. I have hurt my feet and hands. 
4. In the farmyard we could see oxen, sheep, cows and geese. 
5. Do your teeth still ache? 
6. These are my friends’ studies. 
7. He keeps his toys in the boxes. 
8. These ladies are those gentlemen’s wives. 
9. The children are sitting on the benches. 

Key

Ex1.

1. Фирма сообщила, что на экспорт этого товара требуется лицензия. 
2. Россия имеет самые большие месторождения нефти в мире. 
3. Мы получили важные сведения о положении на рынке шерсти. 
4. Математика составляет основу многих других наук. 
5. Уголь добывается во многих районах нашей страны. 
6. Возле деревни построен новый стекольный завод. 
7. Он отец мужа моей сестры. 
8. Женщина с таким интеллектом могла бы стать хорошей Верховной судьей. 
9. Его одежда была мокрая, так как он попал под дождь. 
10. Груз парохода «Нева» состоял из пшеницы и ячменя. 
11. В этой статье вы найдете цифры экспорта и импорта Италии за последние три месяца. 
12. Ученые собирают данные об уровнях загрязнения воздуха.

Ex2.

1. Our manager’s office is very big. 
2. They will consider Mr. Black’s proposals at their next meeting. 
3. This is, in the critics’ opinion, their best record for years. 
4. Tom and Helen’s computer is modern. 
5. We have not yet received the buyers’ answer. 
6. Our Commercial Director’s working day begins at 9 o’clock in the morning. 
7. Do you know the Petrovs’ telephone number? 
8. My husband knows a lot about Agatha Christie’s detective novels. 
9. She put the boys’ wet boots near the stove.

Ex/3.

1. Copies of the contract were sent to London. 
2. The last leaves fell from the trees. 
3. The women standing by the window are our secretaries. 
4. These shoes are too large for my feet. 
5. “Are these workers Englishmen or Germans?” — “They are Frenchmen”. 
6. The mice were caught. 
7. What are the children’s names? 
8. The roofs of the houses were covered with snow. 
9. Potatoes are vegetables and cherries are fruit.

Ex/4.

1. This factory produces furniture. 
2. The wife of the sailor came to the shore. 
3. I have hurt my foot and hand. 
4. In the farmyard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow, and a goose. 
5. Does your tooth still ache? 
6. This is my friend’s study. 
7. He keeps his toy in the box. 
8. This lady is that gentleman’s wive. 
9. The child is sitting on the bench.


“Answer the questions” 
1. Where is New Zealand situated? (New Zealand is situated in the southern Pacific Ocean.)

2. Is the area of New Zealand 270,000 square km? (Yes, it is. The area of the country is 270,000 square kilometres.)

3. Which country is its nearest western neighbour? (The nearest western neighbour of New Zealand is Australia.)

4. What islands does the country consist of? (It consists of two large islands – the North Island and the South Island, and numerous small islands.)

5. Who are the Native people of New Zealand? (They are Maori.)

6. Was James Cook the first European to visit New Zealand? (No, he wasn’t. Abel Tasman was the first European navigator to visit the islands.)

7. What are the official languages in the country? (English and Maori are the official languages in the country.)

8. Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, isn’t it? (Yes, it is. Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.)

9. Is Christchurch the largest city in the country? (No, it isn’t. Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island. New Zealand’s largest city is Auckland.)

10. Who is the head of New Zealand? (The head of state is the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, represented by the governor-general.)