The Translator as Communicator

mode of discourse:
see 
metafunctions, register
monitoring:
expounding in a non-
evaluative manner. This is in
contrast with 
> managing,
which involves steering the
discourse towards speaker’s
goals. 
mood:
the basic choice we make
between using a statement, a
question or a command. This
choice is not without
significance in the analysis
of 
> ideology
and 
>
interpersonal meaning.
motivatedness:
the set of factors which
rhetorically regulate text
users’ choices, whether
conscious or unconscious.
negative politeness
strategies:
see 
politeness
nominalization:
the condensed reformulation
of a verbal process and the
various participants involved
as a noun phrase. This is an
important grammatical
resource for the expression
of 
> ideology.
For example,
when saying 
The net inflow
is…
, the speaker can get
GLOSSARY 191

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round having to recognize
the fact that it is ‘immigrants
who flow into this country in
large numbers’.
non-evaluativeness:
see 
evaluativeness
norm:
see 
deviation
norm-referenced
assessment:
see 
criterion-referenced
assessment
on-sight translation:
see 
liaison interpreting
opposition:
see 
text structure
overhearer:
see 
audience design
paradigmatic:
the ‘vertical’ relationship
between forms which might
occupy the same place in a
structure (e.g. He walked
quickly/as fast as he could)
.
Syntagmatic relations, on the
other hand, occupy the
‘horizontal’ axis and obtain
between linguistic elements
forming linear sequences
(e.g. 
come <> quickly).
paratactic:
pertaining to the joining
together of sentences or
clauses by juxtaposition. As
used in this book, parataxis is
extended to include cases
where the links may be
established with or without
the use of connectives, but
the dominant connectivity
relationship is
‘coordination’ (e.g X and Y
or X, Y). 
Hypotactic
relations, on the other hand,
restrict the connectivity to
those links achieved through
‘subordination’ (X which
is…).