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Primary and secondary education
The school year begins on 1 September (or 1 August if a term starts in August).[10] Education is compulsory for all children from their fifth birthday to the last Friday in June of the school year in which they turn 16 This will be raised, in 2013, to the year in which they turn 17 and, in 2015, to their 18th birthday.
State-funded school system
State-run schools and colleges are financed through national taxation, and take pupils free of charge between the ages of 3 and 18. The schools may levy charges for activities such as swimming, theatre visits and field trips, provided the charges are voluntary, thus ensuring that those who cannot afford to pay are allowed to participate in such events. Approximately 93% of English schoolchildren attend such schools.
A significant minority of state-funded schools are faith schools, which are attached to religious groups, most often the Church of England or the Roman Catholic Church.
There is also a small number of state-funded boarding schools, which typically charge for board but not tuition. Boarding fees are limited to £12,000 per annum.
Nearly 90% of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools, receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which the school specialises.
School years
The table below describes the most common patterns for schooling in the state sector in England. In most cases progression from one year group to another is based purely on chronological age, although it is possible in some circumstances for a student to repeat or skip a year. Repetition may be due to a lack of attendance, for example from a long illness, and especially in Years requiring standard tests. A child significantly more advanced than their classmates may be forwarded one or more years.
In the vast majority of cases, pupils progress from primary to secondary levels at age 11; in some areas either or both of the primary and secondary levels are further subdivided. A few areas have three-tier education systems with an intermediate middle level from age 9 to 13.
State-funded nursery education is available from the age of 3, and may be full-time or part-time, though this is not compulsory. If registered with a state school, attendance is compulsory beginning with the term following the child's fifth birthday. Children can be enrolled in the reception year in September of that school year, thus beginning school at age 4 or 4.5. Unless the student chooses to stay within the education system, compulsory school attendance ends on the last Friday in June during the academic year in which a student attains the age of 16.
CONCLUSION
In the USA, children start school when they are five or six years old.
Depending on thestate, schooling is compulsory until the age of 16 or 18.
Children younger than five cango to a nursery school or preschool.
At the age of five or six, the children attend elementary school (also known as gradeschool or grammar school), which last six years.
The fist year at elementary school iscalled kindergarten.
After elementary school, students attend middle school (also known as junior highschool) for three years.
Then they continue at high school.
In some states, studentshave to stay in school until they are 18 years old.
In other states they may leave schoolat 16 or 17 with parental permission.
Age School
< 5 nursery school / preschool
5-11 elementary school
11-14 middle school / junior high school
14-18 high school / senior high school
When students in the USA say what year they are in, they usually use ordinalnumbers, e. g. ‘tenth grade’.
(In the UK students would use cardinal numbers, e. g. ‘year ten’.)
Classes
At elementary school pupils primarily learn how to read, write and count.
There areabout 20 to 30 pupils in one class.
At junior and senior high school, mandatory subjects are English, maths, biology,chemistry, physics, physical education and history.
Schools also offer optional coursesfrom which the students can choose, e. g. art, modern languages, computers.
Physicaleducation is a very important subject in the United States – many students participatein sports programs.
Reference
Баг Э.Я.Glimpses of the History of England. – М., 1967.
Барбарига А.А. Schooling in Great Britain. – М., 1988.
Бурлакова В. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ленинград, 1977.
Бурлакова В. About Britain.- М., 1965.
Власова Е.Л., Грин В.С. A glimpse of English speaking countries, - М., 1969.
Картман. Л.Е. География, история и культура Англии. – М., 1979.
Колыль Е.Г., Боровик М.А. «English reader». – М., 1976.
Комова Т.А. Концепты языка в контексте истории и культуры. – М., 2005.
Куприянова В .Р. A book of Britain.- М., 1977.
Лапидус Б.А.ва бошқалар. The way to spoken English. – М., 1963.
Леонович О.А. Становедение Великобритании.- М.,2004.
Маркова Н.Н. This is London. – М., 1963.
Норбури П. Великобритания : [путеводитель по обычаям и этикету]– М., 2006.
Ощепкова В.В. Язык и культура Великобритании, США, Канады, Австралии, Новой Зеландии : [учеб. пособие для студентов вузов] - М., 2004.
http://www.britishcouncil.org
http://www.bbc.co.uk
http://www.uk.ru
http://www.2uk.ru/
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/English+architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States
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