The publication of this Handbook was supported by the Russian Federation

Fig. E.1. Non-saline non-alkaline Meadow Chestnut soil (А), Pleiades high-resolution satellite image 
( B) and map ( С). Borsi, West Kazakhstan. Soil horizon designations: AU – dark humus; BMK – xeric 
metamorphic; BM – structural metamorphic; BCA – carbonate-accumulative.
Agroforestry practices on lands with shallow groundwater table under arid conditions at the 
Dzhanybek Research Station have shown that forest plantations can survive for more than 60 years 
on Meadow Chestnut soils within local topographic depressions (Fig. E.2). Existing shelter belts 
planted in the 1950s received agrotechnical treatments only during the initial few years following 
planting, with only prophylactic tree cutting undertaken thereafter.
Fragments of  these shelter belts have survived on Light Chestnut soils within depressions and have 
sometimes extended even further due to colonization of  adjacent soils by shrubs, e.g., Tartarian 
honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica). Such shelter belt fragments differ in sizes, species composition as 
well as growth and survival rates of  trees. Of  special interest are plantations consisting primarily 
of  Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), which tends to die relatively early, and common oak (Quercus robur), 
which tends to live for far longer.

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Soil salinity manаgement manual | Part II.Tutorial examples, guidelines and exercises