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Approach and methodology. Prior to carrying out the experiments on the afforestation of  
marginal lands, a detailed research and inventory of  local tree species and forest resources on by 
the use of  MODIS satellite imagery and aerial photography was conducted within the framework 
of  the ZEF/UNESCO Project ‘Economic and Ecological Restructuring of  Land- and Water Use 
in the Region Khorezm, Uzbekistan’ [23].
In total, 15 tree species were assessed for their suitability for agroforestry. A high tolerance to salts 
was among the most important assessment criteria, because soil salinization is the main factor that 
limits biomass production. Priority was given to multi-purpose species of  local origin that were 
well-adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of  the Khorezm Region and generally familiar to 
local land owners.
The three most prospective tree species were selected for testing on low-productive soils with a 
shallow groundwater table over two growing seasons [18]. Preparation of  the experimental site for 
tree planting included soil ploughing and leaching to remove salts. Tree saplings were planted with 
a spacing of  1.0x1.7 m, with alternating groups of  species planted in 5-7 rows each. A plantation 
density of  5714 trees per hectare with a spacing of  1.75 m between the rows was sufficient to allow 
biomass harvesting (for firewood and leaf  fodder) by the end of  the first year of  growth.
The suitability of  studied species for use in agroforestry was assessed on the basis of  their 
potential benefits for soil fertility and moisture content (via biodrainage, i.e., soil drying due to the 
transpiration capacity of  plants), the needs of  local people (food supply and quality, animal fodders 
and firewood) and carbon sequestration (CO2 storage in biomass and soil) within the Khorezm 
Region [18, 19, 21, 22].

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