The present simple tense

Shaklga va hajmga ega bo’lmagan otlar sanalmaydigan otlar deyiladi

Agar suv biror bir idishga solinsa u o’sha idish shakliga kiradi

• 
  Ko’plik yoki birlik shakllaridan faqat biriga ega bo’lgan otlar sanalmaydigan otlar deyiladi
  

Money, weather so’zlari faqat birlik shaklga

News , mumps so’zlar esa faqat ko’plik shaklga ega

• 
  Moddiy va mavhum otlar sanalmaydigan otlardir
  

Coal is mineral

Knowledge is power

Yuqoridagi qoidalarga teskari qoidalar sanaladigan otlar uchun

Quyidagi otlar ko’p ishlatiluvchi sanalmaydigan otlar:

Accomodation	Employment	Machinary	Publicity
Advice	Equipment	Meat	Research
Air	Evidence	Measles	Rubbish
Applause	Food	Money	Sand
Assistance	Fun	Mud	Safety
Baggage	Furniture	Music	Scenery
Bread	Harm	Mumps	Shopping
Camping	Health	News	Sightseeing
Cash	Homework	Nonsense	Soap
Chaos	Housing	Parking	Sunshine
Chess	Housework	Pay	Traffic
Clothing	Information	Permission	Transport
Conduct	Jewelery	Physics	Underwear
Courage	Job	Photography	Violence
Cutlery	Leisure	Poetry	Weather
Damage	Litter	Politics	Work
Dancing	Luck	Pollution
Dirt	Luggage	Produce
Economics	Mathematics	Progress

OLMOSHLAR

Kishilik olmoshlari		O’zlik olmoshlari Faqat otdan keyin	Egalik olmoshlar
Bosh kelishik Gap boshida	To’ldiruvchi kelishik Fe’l,to’ldiruvchi-dan keyin		Egalik sifat olmoshlari Faqat otdan Oldin	Egalik ot olmoshlari Otdan oldin emas
I You He She It We You They	Me You Him Her It Us You Them	Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves	My Your Him Her It Our Your Their	Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs

Nisbiy olmoshlar

1 who egani izohlab keladi … S +who +to be /fe’l

This is the man who is waiting for you

2 whom to’ldiruvchini izohlab keladi

… S+ whom + ot + to be/ fe’l

This is the man whom we saw in the garden

This is the man whom we are waiting for

4. 
   who,whom( jonli) = which ( jonsiz)
   

The pen which is on the table is mine

This is the pen which he had lost

Which=that

4 where joyni izohlab keladi

… place/joy nomi + where +ot…

It is the place where we went last year

It is Tashkent where he studies

5. 
   when vaqtni izohlab keladi
   

…time / vaqt+ when +ot…

It was last year when I entered the University

5. 
   why sababini izohlab keladi
   

reason /sabab+ why + OT…

This is the reason why he didn’t come yesterday

7 whose kimga qarashliligini izohlab keladi

… S1+ whose+ S1 ga qarashli narsa /shahs…

This is the girl whose brother came to see me yesterday

( qizning akasi)

SO’Z YASOVCHI QO’SHIMCHALAR
OT YASOVCHI QO’SHIMCHALAR

Tuzilishiga ko’ra otlar

A Sodda otlar

water, age, hair, guilt, fear, heart

B Yasama otlar (Derived nouns)
Teacher= teach + er

Sifat va fe’llarga ba’zi qo’shimchalar qo’shib ot yasaladi
Fe’llardan ot yasaydigan qo’shimchalar:
-ment argument, government, judgment, payment, punishment

-once, -ence appearance, attendance, confidence, insurance

-t - complaint, joint, product

-er, -or, -or- actor, beggar, dancer, driver, governor, inventor,

-ist, -ant- -ent shipper, tourist, servant, sailor, translator

-al- arrival, burial, dismissal, proposal, trial

-ure, -ture, -oture fixture, furniture, mixture, pressure, departure

-y, ery, ory- bribery, delivery, discovery, inquiry, robbery

-age - carriage, marriage, package, passage, wreckage

-ing - building, greeting, training, meeting, -swelling

–age - leakage , marriage , passage

-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cation) -

admiration, application, combination, expectation, collection, combination, connection, dictation, inclusion, action, admission, attraction, collection, intention, introduction, production, restriction

-ment - agreement, development, government, improvement,

payment, settlement

-uge – departure, pleasure, pressure, seizure

-ee- addressee, consignee, lessee , payee

Sifatlardan ot yasaydigan qo’shimchalar:

- ness - cleanness, do’llness, firmness, freshness, happiness

-y, ty, ity - cruelty, difficulty, equality, honesty, jealousy

-th breadth, depth, strength, truth, width, youth -ce absence, importance, patience, silence, violence -cy frequency, urgency, secrecy

2) -ant, -ent bilan tugaydigan sifatlarga -anse, -ense qo’shish bilan ot yasaladi

important - importance

different - difference

insistent - insistence

resistant - resistance

-dom sifat va otlardan ot yasaydi

free freedom

wise wisdom

king kingdom

-ness sifatdan ot yasaydi

Bitter bitterness

cold coldness

dark darkness

qind qindness

weak weakness

Otlardan yangi ot yasaydigan qo’shimchalar:

-ship: friendship, membership, ownership, workmanship

-dom: freedom, boredom, kingdom

-hood: childhood, manhood, neighborhood
Qo’shma otlar (noun compound)

a bathroom, department store ot +ot

b traveler's check qaratqich kelishigidagi ot + ot

c blackbird, common sense, blue print sifat +ot

d pickpocket, flashlight, dance team fe’l + ot

e handshake, lifeguard ot + fe’l

f dining room, punching bag gerund + ot

g fortune telling, housecleaning ot + gerund

h downpour ravish + fe’l
i breakdown, make up fe’l + ravish

j Son-in-law, mother-in-law, editor-in-chief ot + predlog + ot

SIFAT YASOVCHI QO’SHIMCHALAR

1) -able, -ible fe’ldan sifat yasaydito

change changeable

to eat eatable

to compare comparable

to convert convertible

2) -al otdan sifat yasaydi

centre - central

co’lture cultural

form _; formal

intellect _; - intellectual

post postal

3) -ant, -ent bilan fe’ldan sifat yasaladi

to differ different

to insist insistent

to resist resistant

4) -ful otdan sifat yasaladi

beauty beautiful

sage careful

doubt doubtful

fruit fruitful

use useful

5) -іѵe fe’ldan sifat yasaydi

to act active

to compare comparative

effect effective

to restrict restrictive

to talk talkative

6) -less otdan sifat yasaydi sifatsizlilik ko’rsatadi –ful qo’shimchasiga antonym

hope hopeless

use useless

fruit fruitless

shame shameless

home homeless

help helpless

7)-ous otdan sifat yasaydi

courage courageous

danger dangerous

fame famous

glory glorious

8) -u otdan sifat yasaydi

cloud cloudy

dirt dirty

fog foggy

frost frosty

rain gaіnu

FE’L YASOVCHI QO’SHIMCHALAR

1)-en Sifat va otdan fe’l yasaydi

black to blacken

sharp to sharpen

short to shorten

2)-fy sifatdan fe’l yasaydi

false to falsify

simple to simplify

pure to purify

3)-Ize odatda otdan fe’l yasaydi:

character to characterize

crystal to crystallize

sympathy to sympathize