The present simple tense

aniqlovchisi bo’lgan geografik nomlar

New Zealand	South Africa	North Korea
Great Britain	North America	South Korea
Old England	South Wales	Ancient Rome
Central Asia	Central Africa
Shtatlar
Florida Ohio Iowa California		Arisona Vermont
Daryo ustiga qurilgan	qurilgan	shaharlar
Stradford-on- Avon	Frankfurt-	On- Maine
Newcastle- upon- Tyne	Rostov -on –Don
Yakka orollar
Ceylon Sumatra	Crete	Cyprus
Corfu Sicily	Bermuda	Easter Island
Yakka tog’lar
Mount Vesivius Mount Mcqinley		Mount Etna
Mount Cooq Mount Saint Helens Mount Shasta
Tog’ cho’qqilari
Everest	Elbrus	Ben Nevis
Bir so’zdan iborat davlat nomlari

France Russia Sweden Italy

• 
  Shahar nomlari
  

Moscow London Tashkent Cairo Madrid Glasgow
Lekin: the Hague the Tyrol

• 
  Maydon, ko’cha va yo’l nomlari
  

Navoi Street Trafalgar Square Independence Square
Fifth Avenue Regent Street Cromwell Road
Broadway Red Square Piccadilly Circus

Downing Street

Lekin: the Hague the High Street the Mall

the Tyrol the Strand

• 
  ko’rfaz, bo’g’oz, qo’ltiq, yarim orol, burun nomlari
  

("of li birikmalar bundan mustasno)
Cape Horn Hudson Bay

Cape Peninsula Hudson Strait

• 
  Ko’llar LAKE so’zi bilan boshlansa
  Lake Ontario Lake Geneva Lake Baikal
  

Lake Superior Lake Constance

Ammo: ko’l nomini o’zi bo’lsa: the Baikal, the Geneva, the Balaton

♦ Atoqli ot yoki joy nomi bilan boshlanuvchi shahardagi xar xil maskanlar

• 
  mashxur binolar: Edinburgh Castle, Buckingham Palace
  
• 
  mexmonxonalar: Claridge's
  
• 
  restoranlar: Maxim's, Macdonald's, LuigTs Italian Restaurant
  

• 
  parklar: Hyde Park, St James's Park
  
• 
  zooparklar: London Zoo
  
• 
  teatrlar: the Palace Theatre, the National Theatre
  
• 
  kinoteatrlar: the ABC, the Odeon, the Classic
  
• 
  zallar: Carnegi Hall
  
• 
  banklar: Barclay's Bank, Lloyd's bank
  
• 
  O’quv yurtlari: Cambridge University, Oxford University,
  Santa Fe Community School, Cooper's Art School
  
• 
  vokzallar: Victoria Station
  
• 
  magazinlar: Selfridge’s, Harrod’s
  
• 
  cherkovlar: St John^’s Church, St Pao’l's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey
  

(Westminster), Canterbury Cathedral

• 
  aeroportlar: Kennedy Airport
  
• 
  ko’priklar: Brooqlyn Bridge
  
• 
  boshqa taniqli joylar: Lincoln Memorial
  

♦ Bayram nomlari

Christmas Thanksgiving Halloween Easter

Navrus New Year
Ammo: agar qaysiligi aniqlashtirilsa, suhbatlarda

- When did vou meet him? In the winter

♦ Ovqatlanish nomlari

I have dinner

Ammo: a, an + sifat + ot

- I had a good dinner

♦ Kasalliklar artiklsiz, agar izohlansa the bilan

• 
  He had pneumonia
  
• 
  He came here after the pneumonia
  

AMMO: ` a cold the measles

A fever the mumps

A bad heart the chicken pox

An allergy the”willies”

A tumor

A broken leg( arm, finger,bone…)

A headache toothache stomachache…

♦ Minerallar, mavhum otlar izohlanmasa artiklsiz izoxlansa artikl bilan

• 
  Gold, water
  
• 
  the water which is on the
  
• 
  Snow is white
  

- The snow is dirty

♦ Kollej, universitet, aeroport, temir yo'llar nomlari oldida

• 
  London University- the University of London,
  
• 
  London Airport P Victoria Station
  

♦ some, any, no, ko'rsatish(this, that…), egalik(my,your,her…) birgalik (either, each, every, )olmoshlaridan1 keyingi ot artikl olmaydi

- He gave me somebooks

- This is not mybook

♦ Sport turlari, fan nomlari,

He plays tennis

♦ Murojaatlarda

Father, please

Teacher, what does this word mean?

♦ a) Ikkita sifat otning o‘rtasida of kelsa ,

of dan oldingi ot the bilan ,keyingisi a yoki an bilan

I live on the ground floor of an old house on the river Thames

of dan keyin guruhni bildiradigan otlar kelsa,

of oldidagi a/an bilan

An army of soldiers – soldatlar armiyasi

A dove of catle – mollar podasi

of dan oldin va keyin sanaladigan ot kelsa,

ikkalasi ham the bilan

The student of the institute- institutning studenti

The sound of the voices- ovozlar tovushi

AMMO: the sound of voice

of dan keyin atoqli ot kelsa, artiklsiz ,

of oldidagi turdosh ot the bilan

The republic of Uzbekistan

e) of dan oldin kelgan number, few, pair, lot ravish lari a bilan

A number of

A pair of

A lot of

♦ Fanlar nomi artiklsiz

Mathematics,literature

♦by +transport vositasi artiklsiz

by bus , by sea

AMMO: IN/ON+ A+ TRANSPORT VOSITASI

In a taxi , in a car, on a bus
THE NOUN- OT

Otlarda ko’plik forma

Ingliz tilida otlarning ko’plik formasi -s qo’shimchasi bilan hosil qilinadi Bu

qo’shimchaning 3 xil o’qilish shakli mavjud: /s/ /z/, /iz/

Otning oxirida -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -s tovushlari kelsa bu qo’shimcha

(z) deb o’qiladi

Otning oxirida /r, t, k, f, o/ tovushlari kelsa (s) deb uk,iladi

Boshqa unli va undoshardan keyin (z) deb o’qiladi
Ko’plik qo’shimchasining qo’shilishi

1 So’z oxiriga (s) qo’shiladi

2 0xirgi xarfi (-ch, -s, -sh, -ss-, -tch, -x, -z, -zz, -o) tugagan so'zlarga (es) qo’shish bilan

yasaladi

Watch- watches brush- brushes

gas - gasses hero- heroes

buzz - buzzes tomato- tomatoes

Oxirgi xarfi (-f, -fe) bo’lgan otlarga ko’plik qo’shimchasi qo’shilganda -f xarfi -v xarfiga

aylantiriladi va -es qo’shib yoziladi

Wife	wives	knife	knives	self	selves
Life	lives	wolf	wolves	calf	calves
Shelf	shelves	leaf	leaves	loaf	loaves

4 Ba’zilarida esa bunday o’zgarish uchramaydi

Cliff - cliffs safe - safes

Wharf - wharfs hoof - hoofs

Handkerchief - handkerchiefs
5 Oxirgi xarfi -y bo’lgan otlarda –y dan oldingi xarf undosh bo’lsa -y xarfi o’rniga -i yoziladi va undan keyin -es shiladi

lady - ladies

army - armies

baby - babies

fly - flies

ally - allies

6 So’zda oxirgi xarf o va undan oldingi xarf unli bo’lsa bunday otlarning ko’plik formasi -s bilan yasaladi.

bamboo - bamboos zoo - zoos
radio - radios folio - folios

embryo - embryos studio - studios

fish fish species species

deer deer means means

sheep sheep series series

Otlarda ko’plik shaklini yasalishini boshqa usullari

1 Ko’plikda shaklini o’zgartiruvchi otlar

Man-men -kishi

Woman-women- ayol kishi

Goose-geese- g’oz

Mouse-mice- sichqon

Child-children - bola

Foot-feet- oyoq

Ox-oxen- ho’kiz

2 Boshqa tillardan kirgan so’zlarning ko’plik shaklini yasalishi

Analysis -	analyses	Datum -	data
Basis -	bases	Bacterium-	bacteria
Crisis -	crises	Medium -	media
Thesis -	theses	Criterion -	criteria
Hypothesis -	hypotheses	Phenomenon -	phenomena
Parenthesis -	parentheses
Stimo’lus -	stimo’li	Formula -	formulae
Nucleus -	nuclei	Vertebra -	vertebrae
Radius -	radee	Vita -	vitae
Index -	indices
Appendix -	appendices

3 Birlik va ko’plik formalari bir xil bo’lgan otlar
fish - fish species - species

deer - deer means - means

sheep - sheep series - series

III Tuzilishiga ko’ra ko’plik, ma’nosiga ko’ra birlik ifodalaydigan otlar

A Kasallik nomlari

measles chills mumps dumps rickets shingles

B Ba’zi o’yin nomlari

billiards draughts dominoes checkers fives darts ninepins

C Ijtimoiy faoliyat nomlari

environs, nuptials, elms, annals, doings, credentials, theatricals

4. 
   Fan va fan soxalari
   

linguistics, mathematics, phonetics, ethics, politics

E Ba’zi atoqli otlar