The present simple tense


AMMO: to get/to be + used to+v1ing



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Present simple

AMMO: to get/to be + used to+v1ing

to object to+ v1ing
no use

+ “ing”

use less

Can’t + afford + predlogsiz - Inf

+ predlog bilan kelsa - ger


Can’t stand+ v1ing


Ega + have + yet + Inf “to” bilan

darak

Ghulomjon has yet to marry =Ghulomjon hasn’t married yet.
Used to + INF “to” siz
To be/to get used to + Ger

G E R U N D va INFINITIVE talab qiluvchi fe’llar.





Admit

Ving

qabul qilmoq

Advise

V1 ing

Maslaxat ber-q

Advise me

ToV

Ga maslaxat b-q

Be advised

to V1

MASLHAT BERILDI

Afford (can’t)

ToV

qilishga qodir emas

Afford

Ving

Urin-q

Agree

ToV

Ko’n-q

Aim

ToV

maqsad qil-q

Allow

Ving

ruxsat et-q

Allow me

ToV

Ruxsat et-q

Allowed (be)

ToV

Ruxsat etil-q

Amaze

ToV

Xayron bo’l-q

Anxious

ToV

bezovta

Appear

ToV

Paydo bo’l-q

Appreciate

Ving

Baxolan-q

Approve

Ving

sinab ko’r-q

Arrange

ToV

Kelish-q

Ask

ToV

Sura-q

Attempt

ToV

urinib ko’r-q

Avoid

Ving

Chetlab o’t-q

Be

ToV

Bo’l-q

Bear (cant)

ToV, Ving

chiday olmay q-q

Bed

ToV, Ving

Yalin-q

Begin

ToV

Boshl-q

Believe

ToV

Ishon-q

Better (had)

V

Yaxshiroq bo’lardi

Bother

V

zeriktirmoq

Bother

To V, Ving

Ovora bo’l-q

Bound

ToV

Boshla-q

Busy

Ving

Band

Call

ToV

Chaqir-q

Can/ could

V

Qila ol-q

Can't bear

ToV

Yoqtirmay

Can't bear

Ving

yoqtirmay

Can't help

Ving

To’xtata olmayman

Can't stand

Ving

Chiday olmaslik

Cause me

ToV

Sabab bo’l-q

Certain

ToV

Aniq

Challenge me

ToV

Chaqir-q

Choice

ToV

Sodir bo’l-q

Come

ToV, Ving

Kel-q

Come

Ving

Kel-q

Command

ToV

Buyruq ber-q

Consent

ToV

rozi bo’l-q

Consider

ToV

Xisobla-q

Continue

To V,Ving

 Davom etmoq

Dare

To V

Jurat et-q

Daren't

V

Juratsizlik qil-q

Decide

ToV

Karor qil-q

Decision

ToV

qaror

Declare

ToV

Elon qil-q

Delay

Ving

orqaga qoldir-q

Delay

Ving

orqaga sur-q

Deny

Ving

rad et-q

Describe

ToV

Tasvirla-q

Deserve

ToV

xizmat kil-q

Desirable

ToV

Yoqimli

Difficulty

Ving

Qiynal-q

Dislike

Ving

yoqtirmay qol-q

Earlier

ToV

Vaqtliroq

Earn

ToV

pul ishla-q

Easy

ToV

oson

Enable

ToV

imkon ber-q

Encourage

Ving

Ruxlantirmoq

Encourage me

ToV

Ruxlantirmoq

Engine

Ving

Jixozlamoq

Enjoy

Ving

Ektirmoq

Enough

ToV

yetarli

Excuse

Ving

Kechirmoq

Expect

ToV

umid qilib kutmoq

Expensive

ToV

qimmat

Explain

ToV

Tushuntirmoq

Fail

ToV

omadsialikka uch-q

Fall

ToV

Yiqilmoq

Fancy

Ving

yoqlamok

Feel

V

xis qilmoq

Find

Ving

Topmoq

Finish

Ving

Tugatmoq

First

ToV

Birinchi

For me

ToV

men uchun

Forbid

Ving

Taqiqlamoq

Forbid me

ToV

Taqiqlamoq

Force me

ToV

Majburlamoq

Forget

ToV

Unutmoq

Get nothing

ToV

Yo’q bo’lmoq

Get smb

ToV

bor bo’lmoq

Get smth

V3

bor bo’lmoq

Go

Ving

Bormoq

Go on (eskisini)

Ving

davom ettirmoq

Go on (yangisnni)

ToV

davom ettirmoq

Going

ToV

-moqchi

Good (no)

Ving

yaxshi emas

Happen

To V

sodir bo’lmoq

Hate

To V V ing

Nafratlanmoq

Hate (would)

ToV

nafratlanmok

Have got

ToV

Ega bo’lmoq

Have smb

ToV

Bor

have smth

Ving

Bor

Have to

V

Kerak

Have+smth

V3

kerak

Hear

V,Ving

Eshitmoq*

Heard (be)

ToV

Eshitilmoq

Help

ToV, Ving

Yordam bermoq

Help (can’t)

Ving

O’zini to’xtata olmaslik

Hire me

ToV

Yollamoq

Hope

ToV

umid qilmoq

How

Ving

Qanday

Imagine

Ving

tasavvur qilmoq

Impossible

ToV

Iloji yo’q

Instruct me

ToV

Ko’rsatma ber-q

Intend

ToV, Ving

niyat qilmoq

Introduce me

ToV

menga tanishtir

Invite

ToV

Taklif qilmoq

Involve

Ving

jalb qilmoq

It is + sifat

ToV

..dir

Keep

Ving

Davom ettirmoq

Know

ToV

Bilmoq

Last

ToV

Oxirgi

Late

ToV

Kech

Learn

To V.V ing

O’rganmoq

Let

V

Ruxsat etmoq

Like

Vtag

Yoqtirmoq

Like (should)

ToV

Yoqtirmoq, ista-q

Likely

ToV

Extimol

Lit

ToV

Yoqmoq

Love

V

Sevmoq

Love (would)

ToV

Sevmoq

Made (be)

ToV

Majburlanmoq

majxul nisbat

ToV

 

Make

V

Majburlamoq

Manage

ToV

Uddalamoq

Mean

ToV

Niyat qilmoq

Mean

Ving

Anglatmoq

Mention

Ving

Eslatmoq

Mind

Ving

qarshi emas

Miss

Ving

O’tkazib yubor

Money (take)

Ving

pul olmoq

Move

ToV

Ko’chmoq

Must

V

Kerak

Need (ega jonsiz)

V ing (tobe+Ving)

qilnnishi zarur

Need me

ToV

qilishim zarur

Neglect

To V,V ing

mensimay qaramoq

Notice

V.Ving

payqamoq

noticed (be)

ToV

Payqalmoq

Opportunity

ToV

buyruq bermoq

Order

ToV

Imkoniyat

Order (in)

ToV

maqsadida

ought to

V

kerak

permit

Ving

ruxsat etmoq

permit me

ToV

ruxsat etmoq

permitted (be)

ToV

ruxsat etilmoq

persuade

ToV

Ishontirmoq

phone

ToV

telefon qilmoq

plan

ToV

Reja tuzmoq

postpone

Ving

keyinga qoldirmoq

practice

Ving

tajriba o’tkazmoq

practice (take)

Ving

tajriba olmoq

predlog

Ving

Eng oxiri

prepare

To Ving

Tayyorlamoq

pretend

ToV

Mugombirlik

prevent from

ToV

dan ximoya qil-q

promise

ToV

Vada bermoq

propose

To V, V ing

taklif kilmoq

put off

Ving

orqaga qoldir-q

Rather(would)

V... today

Afzal ko’rmoq

Rather(would)

To V than V

Afzal ko’rmoq

Recommend

ToV

tavsiya qilmoq

prefer

Ving to Ving

Yoktirmoq

prefer

ToV than V

Yoqtirmoq

prefer (would)

ToV

Afzal ko’rmoq

Refuse

ToV

rad etmoq

Regret

Ving

qilganidan afs-q

Regret

ToV

qilishidan afsus-q

Remember

Ving

qilganini es-q

Remember

ToV

qilishini es-q

Remind

ToV

Eslat-q

Report

ToV

Ma’ruza qilmoq

Resist

Ving

qarshilik qilmoq

rove

ToV

O’zini oqlamoq

Say

ToV

Aytmoq

Second

ToV

Ikknnchi

See

Wing

Ko’rmoq

Seem

ToV

Tuyulmoq

Seen (be)

ToV

Ko’rilmoq

So as

ToV

shuning uchun

Sorry

ToV

Achinmoq

Spend time

Ving

Vaktini yo’qot-q

Stand (cant)

ToV

chiday olmaslik

Start

To V, Ving

Boshlamoq

Stop

ToV

O’zi to’xtamok

Stop

Ving

ni to’xtatmoq

Submit

ToV

tavsiya qilmoq

Succeeded in

Ving

Muvaffaq qoz-q

Suggest

ToV

taklif qilmoq

Sure

ToV

Ishonmoq

Take

V

Olmoq

tartib son

ToV

 

Teach

ToV

O’qitmoq

Tell

ToV

Buyurmoq

Tend

ToV

xoxishi bo’lmoq

The last

ToV

eng oxirgisi

The next

ToV

Keyingisi

Then ten

ToV

Qo’rqitmoq

Think

ToV

O’ylamoq

Time

ToV

Vaqt

Time (take)

Ving

vaqt olmoq

Try

Ving

Urinmoq

-Try

ToV

kuch sarflamoq

Turn out

ToV

Burilmoq

Understand

Ving

Tushunmoq

Unlikely

ToV

O’xshamaydi

Urge me

ToV

Majburlamoq

Use (no)

Ving

befoyda

Used to

V

odatlangan

Used to (be)

Ving

Odatlangan

Used to (get)

Ving

Odatangan

Volunteer

ToV

Ko’ngilli bo’lmoq

Want

ToV

Xoxlamoq

Warn (ega jonsiz)

To \ (Ving)

Ogoxlantarmoq

Waste of time

Ving

Yo’qotmoq

Watch

V, V ing

Kuzatmoq

Watched (be)

ToV

Kuzatilmoq

What

ToV

.ligini

Where

ToV

Qaerdaligini

While

Viig

...guncha

Wish

ToV

Istamoq

Wonder

ToV

So’ramoq

Worth

Ving

Arziydi

Would rather

have+V3

yesterday then today





The types of questions- So’roq gap turlari

1 Umumiy so’roq gaplar- general questions (yes/no questions)

Ha yoki yo’q javoblarini talab qiluvchi so’roq gaplar umumiy so’roq gaplar deyiladi. Umumiy so’roq gaplar yordamchi fe’llar( to be, to do, to have, modal fe’llar:can, may, must, need, ought to) bilan boshlanadi.



  • Are you a student?

  • Yes, I am/-No, I am not.

  • Do you speak English?

  • Yes, I do/ -No I don’t

2 Maxsus so’roq gaplar- Special questions (information questions).

Ma’lumot talab qiluvchi so’roq gaplar maxsus so’roq gaplar deyiladi. Maxsus so’roq gaplar maxsus so’roq olmoshlari yordamida (wh- where, when, why, whom, whose, which, who what, how) tuziladi.

  • Where do you live?

  • I live in Quva




  1. Embedded question

Yuqorida ko’rib o’tganimizdek maxsus so’roq gaplarda maxsus so’roq olmoshlaridan ( wh-) so’ng yordamchi fe’llar ishlatiladi (who olmoshi bundan istisno). Embedded question da maxsus so’roq gap oldidan boshqa bir gap yoki umumiy so’roq gap beriladi. Bunda embedded question tarkibidagi maxsus so’roq gap yasalish tartibini o’zgartiradi. Bu gapda maxsus so’roq olmoshidan keyin yordamchi fe’l emas balki ega ishlatilishi lozim

Quyidagi yasalishlarga e’tibor bering:

1

Subject + verb(phrase) + wh + subject + verb

Note: wh dan keyin yordamchi fe’lni ishlatilmayotganiga e’tibor bering/
Question : Where will the meeting take place?

Embedded question : We don’t know where the meeting will take place
Question: Why did he wtite a letter to him?

Embedded question : We couldn’t understand why he wrote a letter to him

2 umumiy so’roq gap + maxsus so’roq gap





Auxiliary + subject + verb + wh + subject + verb

Do you know where he went?

Could you tell me what time it is?

Note: wh- when, why, where, which, who, what, whose +noun , how many , how long how often ,what time , what qind …

Do you know how often the bus runs at night?


  1. TAG QUESTION-tasdiq so’roq gaplar

Beriayotgan savolga oydinlik kiritish maqsadida tasdiq so’roq gaplardan foydalaniladi

tasdiq so’roq gaplarda quyidagilarga e’tibor beriladi:

1 gapda qaysi ega tursa, soroqda ham shu ega turishi shart

You are a student, aren’t you?

Tom works at school, doesn’t he?

2 gapda qaysi yordamchi fe’l bo’lsa, so’roqda ham shu yordamchi fe’l bo’ladi

Fred is working in the garden, isn’t he?

3 gapdagi mustaqil(asosiy) fe’llardan so’roqqa do/does/did chiqadi

They study English at school, don’t they?

4 gap inkor shaklda bo’lsa soroq bo’lishli shaklda bo’ladi yoki aksincha

She didn’t go to the theatre yesterday, did she?

She went to the theatre yesterday, didn’t she?

Ammo:

Agar gapda Never, none, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, anymore, without, so’zlar kelsa gap inkor xisoblanadi

Your friend seldom goes to football match, does he?

5 gapda modal fe’llar bo’lsa so’roqqa modal fe’lning o’zi chiqadi

Akmal can speak English, can’t he?

6 agar gapda have fe’li bo’lsa:

a) have – ega bo’lmoq ma’nosida have ning o’zi so’roqqa chiqadi

They have an interestingbook on Math, haven’t they?

b) have + V3(perfect)- da have ning o’zi so’roqqa chiqadi

He has finished the work, hasn’t she?

c) have –mustaqil fe’l bo’lib kelsa so’roqqa do/does/did chiqadi

She has breakfast at 7 every day, doesn’t she?

d) have to – modal fe’l bo’lib kelsa, so’roqqa do/does/did chiqadi

You had to go there , didn’t you?
AGREEMENT - MOSLASHUV
Darak gaplarda fikr ga qo’shilish:
So + yordamchi fel + ega

Ega + yordamchi fel + too
M: - Mike must see Peter

A: - So must I or I must too



Have to, has to, had to so’roqqa o’tmaydi O’rniga Do, did,Does ishlaydi



M: I have to go to Quva

A: So does Zamira or Zamira does too

Agar gapda Nearly, almost so’zlar kelsa ham gap darak xisoblanadi.

I nearly failed the exam.

-So, do I
Inkor gaplarda fikrga qo’shilish
Neither + yordamchi fel+ ega

Ega + yordamchi fe’l +not+ either
I don’t like tennis -Neither does Abdulla

Laylo is not a student - I am not either


Komil doesn’t like eat -She does not either -or- Neither does she
Agar gapda Never, none, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, anymore, without, so’zlar kelsa gap inkor xisoblanadi
Passive voice

Ative voice: Akmal watches T V

Nisbatlarda o’zgarishiga e’tibor bering

1 Present Indefenite Passive

Ega +am + V3

is

are

The T V is watched by Akmal everyday


2 PastIndefenite passive

Ega + was + V3

were

The T V was watched by Akmal yesterday


3 Future Indefinite Passive

Ega + shall/will +be+V3
The T V will be watched by Akmal tomorrow
4 Present continuous Passive

Ega +am+ being + V3

is

are

The T V is being watched by Akmal now

5 Past continuous Passive

Ega + was +being + V3

were

The T V was being watched by Akmal

6 Present Perfect Passive

ega + have/has + been + V3

The T V has just been watched by Akmal

7 Past Perfect Passive

Ega + had been + V3

The T V had been watched by Akmal by 5 yesteday


8 Future Perfect Passive

Ega + shall/ will + have + been + V3

The house will have been built by January


9 Future indefinite in the Past

Ega+should be +V3

She said that the T V would be watched by Akmal
10 Future perfect in the Past

Ega+should have been +V3

She said that the T V would have been watched by Akmal when you came
Modal verbs in passive voice

Ega + modal verb +V1+ to’ld= Ega (to’ld)+modal verb+V3+ by to’ld(ega)

I must finish the work = The work must be finished
ATTENTION:

Quyidagi fe’llar aniq nisbatda ishlatisa ham majhullik ma’nosini beradi:

Sell, read, wash, drive, open, close

Cars drive on the left side in London- Londonda mashinalar chap tarafda miniladi

Thisbook reads well - Bu kitob yaxshi o’qiladi

Modal verbs
Modal verbs

Asosiy modal fe’llar: can, may, must, need, ought to

1 Hechqachon mustaqil ishlatilmaydi

2 Doimo fe’lning 1- shakli bilan keladi

3 O’zi ham asosiy fe’l ham hech qanday qo’shimcha olmaydi

4 Hamma zamon shakllari mavjud emas Hozirgi va kelasi zamon shakllari bir xil

O’tgan zamoni: can – could

May – might

Must - had to
"CAN" (COULD)

Qobiliyatni ko’rsatadi
ex: He can do it

2 Imkoniyatni ko’rsatadi va mumkin deb tarjima qilinadi

can + have+V3- o’tgan zamon uchun

Your house is near the railway station It can’t be quite far

Ex: He can't have done it u buni qilmagan bo’lsa kerak


  1. Biror narsa qilishni so’rashda Ko’pincha you bilan couldham hozirgi va kelasi samonda muloyimroq ohangda so’rashda ishlatiladi

Can you open the door?

Couldyou tell me?

4 Ruxsat so’rashda ( imkoniyat ma’nosida)

Can we smoke here?

Ammo: may I come in?

  1. can/ could+ hear, see, smeel, taste, understand birikmasida can/ couldmustaqil tarjimaga ega emas Ular faqat o’zlari bilan kelayotgan fe’llarning ma’nosini kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi

When we entered the room, we couldsmell burning

5 Inkorda ( can’t) inkor aniq tahminni ko’rsatadi

Ekvivalenti: to be able to

Sinonimlari:1)to be able to – qila olmoq, muvffaq bo’lmoq

Ex: He was able to do it without my help

1 ish xarakat uchun “to be able to” ishlatiladi

Umumiy ish –xarakat ucun ”can/could” ishlatiladi

My brother is a boxer He can beat anybody

My brother is a boxer He was able to beat yesterday
Was/ were able to= managed to

There were a fire yesterday Everybody was able to/ managed to escape


4 Could+ have+ V3 o'tgan zamonda

Ex: You couldhave come

Siz kelganingizda bo'lardi (Lekin kelmadingiz)

Couldn't have V3



I think I couldn’t have found him -Uni topa olmagan bo'lardim

Yodda tuting: Can't – (inkorda) aniq tahmin Must-(darakda)aniq tahmin

Ex: You worked hard You must be tired You didn 't work You can't be tired

Can't+ have+ V3, Must+ have+ V3 – o’tgan zamon uchun

Ex: I didn't hear it, ь1 must have been asleep 1 wasn't here yesterday he can't be tired

6 Ruxsat berilgan yoki berilmagan bo'lsa

Ex: You are IS,you can drive You are 16,you can't drive

7 Ruxsat so'rashda can, could, may

Ex: Can I speak to John ?

Could muloyimroq ohangda

Could I use it?

Ruxsat berishda ,,can" , ,,may"

Ex: You can take my pent you like (may)

Could have + v3” o’tgan zamonda qilish mumkin bo’lgan lekin bajarilmagan ish uchun ishlatiladi


"MAY "

1 May ruxsat so’rash va berish ma'nosida Ruxsat so’rashda ko’proq birinchi shaxs bilan

Ex: You may You may take it May 1 come in?

may I … so’rog’iga inkorda 2 xil shaklda javob berish mumkin

  1. no, you mustn’t

  2. no, you can’t

3 Noaniq taxminni ko’rsatadi I think, I suppose, probably, perhaps kabi ehtimollikni ko’rsatuvchi birikmalar bilan kelishi mumkin Mumkin deb tarjima qilinadi

Ex: I think, he may know him

Might kuchsizroq tahminni ko’rswatishda

4 But bilan qarshi fikr berishda

He may be clever, but he is not working hard enough

5 Tilak, duo va duobad qilishda

May god be with you May he drop dead



Ekvivalenti: 1) to be allowed to -ruxsat bermoq

2) to be permitted to- ruxsat bermoq

They were allowed to bring their dictionaries to the exam

He was permitted to go to the park with their friends

6 Might o’tgan zamonda may ning o’rnida ishlatiladi Ammo hozirgi va kelasi zamonda zaifroq tahminni ko’rsatishda ham ishlatiladi

He said they might come any time that is convinent to them

Who is that boy? He might be Tom But I am not sure

Attention:

1) May be –noaniq taxminni bildiradi 2) Must be – 90%ishonchni bildiradi
MUST

l majburiyat, buyruq, shartlik inkorda taqiqlashni ko’rsatadi

Ex: I must do it now

You must finish the work till mother comes

You mustn’t smoke here

You mustn't tell it It's a secret

2 Must I …?

-Yes, you must

-No, you mustn’t It is not neccessary

Note: may I do it?- yes you may

No, you mustn’t

3 must aniq taxminni ko’rsatishda

4 Ekvivalenti:

1 TO BE TO - am to, is to, are to

- rejalashtirilgan ish-xarakat

Tom and Mary are to be married next week

The president is to come to our region soon

O’tgan zamonda

- O’tgan zamonga oid reja, ish xarakatning bajarilgan yoki bajarilmagani noma’lum

Jack was to enter the Univercity last year but I don’t know if he couldor not



- Was/ were to+ have V3 o’tgan zamonda qilinishi rejalashtirilgan lekin qilinmagan ish xarakat

I was to have gone to Tashkent last week but I changed my plan



2 HAVE TO

Vaziyatdan kelib chiqib qilinadigan yoki qilmasa oqibati yomon bo’ladigan ish – xarakatni ko’rsatishda

I have to get up early tomorrow the train leaves at 5:00 p m



Bo'lishsiz,so'roq shaklda Have to bilan do, does, did

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o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


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