The present simple tense

Qo’shma gap

B o g’ l o v c h i l a r

1 and –va

2 as well as — dek, shuningdek

3 not only but also — nafaqat balki

4 but - lekin, shunday b-sa ham ,

5 or – yoki

6 moreover- bundan tashqari

7 therefore –shuning uchun, shu sababli

8 so – shunchalik, sababli, shunday qilib, shu tariqa

9 however— biroq

10 nevertheles-shunga qaramay, shunday bo'lsa ham

11 still - sa, bo'lsada, ga qaramay

12 yet - sa ham

13 besides- bundan tashqari

14 otherwise - aks holda

15 else – yana

16 as soon as — bilanoq

17 after-so'ng, dan keyin

18 before-oldin, dan oldin

19 since- dan beri

20 because –chunki

21 unless-agar masa, magan taqdirda

22 If- agar sa

23 for – uchun, maqsadida, sababli

24 on condition that – agar sa

25 provided (ing) that – agar sa

26 supposing that-agar sa

27 unless-agar masa, magan taqdirda

28 so that – uchun, maqsadida

29 in order that - uchun, maqsadida

30 so that - uchun, maqsadida

31 inspite of, the fact that- ga qaramasdan

A d v e r b i a l clauses of time (payt ergash gaplar)

Conjunctions (bog’lovchilari):

1) when – qachonki, -ganda 7) till, until – gacha,guncha

2) while – o’shanda, -yotganda 8) by – gacha,guncha

3) after – keyin 9) directly- bilanoq

4) before – oldin 10) by the time –o’shangacha

5) as soon as – bilamoq 11) since – dan beri

6) whenever – qachon bo’lsa ham
When o’tgan zamonlarda ishlatilishi.

1. 
   When + subject + past simple, subject + past continuous.
   
2. 
   When + subject + past simple, subject + past perfect.
   
3. 
   When + subject + past simple, subject + past simple.
   
4. 
   When + subject + past perfect, subject + subject + past simple
   
5. 
   When + subject + past simple, subject + past simple.
   
6. 
   When/while/as + subject + past continuous, subject + Past simple.
   
7. 
   When + subject + past simple, subject + past perfect continuous( with key word)
   

IZOH:

1. 
   1- va 6 - qoidalarda past continuous ishlatilishiga e’tibor qarating.
   

Past continuos – uzoqroq vaqt davom etgan ish – xarakat.

Past simple - uning ichida sodir bo’lgan qisqa ish – xarakat.

When I was cooking, I cut myself.

When Tom came, I was watching T.V.

2. 
   2- qoida va 4 qoidalardagi past perfect ishlatilishiga e’tibor qarating.
   

Past perfect– 1– sodir bo’lgan ish xarakat/ Tugallangan ish –xarakatni ko’rsatishda.

Past simple – 2 – sodir bo’lgan is- xarakat.

Ex: When Tom came, I had had dinner and I was washing the dishes.

When Tom had written the letter, he sent it.

3. 
   3- qoida qisqa ketma-ket sodir bo’lgan ish xarakatni ko’rsatadi.
   

When Tom came, he had dinner.

4. 
   4- qoida uzoqroq vaqni oluvchi ketma – ket sodir bo’lgan ish xarakatni ko’rsatadi.
   

When Tom had read the book, he took it to the library.

5. 
   5- qoida 3- qoidaga oxshash bo’lsada bunda uzoq o’tgan zamondagi doimiy ish xarakatni ko’rsatadi. Bunda odatda when dan so’ng to be fe’lining o’tgan zamon shakli ishlatiladi.
   

When I was a school boy, I played/ used to play the piano.

6. 
   6- qoida when ning holat fe’llari(want, see…) va qisqa ma’noli fe’llar(cut, burn, come, arrive) bilan ishlatilishidan kelib chiqqan. Ushbu qoidadagi when o’rnida while va as ishlatilishi mumkin.
   

When I was walking, I noticed a police car.

When I was cooking, I cut myself.

When kelasi zamonlarda zamonlarda ishlatilishi.

1. 
   When + subject + present simple, subject + Future simple.
   
2. 
   When + subject + present simple, subject + Future continuous.
   
3. 
   When + subject + present simple, subject + Future perfect.
   
4. 
   When + subject + present perfect, subject + Future simple.
   
5. 
   Whenever/when + subject + present simple, subject + present simple.
   

Examples:

1. 
   When Tom comes, we shall play chess.
   
2. 
   When you come, I shall be watching T.V
   
3. 
   When Tom comes, I shall have done my homework.
   
4. 
   When you have read the book, I shall take it.
   
5. 
   When/ whenever my father comes, he brings some chocolate.
   

IZOH: When bog’lovchisini o’tgan va kelasi zamonda ishlatilishini qiyoslang. When kelasi zamonni ko’rsatganda( va boshqa bog’lovchilar ham) o’zidan keyin present zamonlar qabul qiladi va future ma’nosini beradi.

AMMO: When bog’lovchisini embedded question va o’zlashtirma gap tarkibida keluvchi when so’roq olmoshi bilan adashtirmaslik kerak. Bunda when dan keyin future zamonlar(will, shall) va would should ni kelishiga e’tibor qarating.

I don’t know when he will come.

He asks when I shall come.
Attention:
Batafsil tafsilotlar uchun embedded question va o’zlashtirma gap mavzulariga qarang. (Ahliddin)

Whileo’tgan zamonda ishlatilishi.

While o’tgan zamonlarda ishlatilishini odatda quyidagi holatlarda uchratishimiz mumkin.

1. 
   While +subject + past continuous, subject + past continuous.
   
2. 
   While+subject+ past continuous, subject + past simple.
   
3. 
   While+subject + past simple, subject + past simple.
   

IZOH:

1. 
   While asosan parallel ishxarakatlarni ko’rsatadi. 1- qoida bo’yicha buni ko’rish mumkin:
   

I was reading abook whileAnn was sleeping.

2. 
   Ammo parallelik sodir bo’lmaganda 2 – qoida bo’yicha gap yasalishiga ega bo’ladi:
   

While I was playing football, I hurt my leg.

3. 
   Kamdan kam hollardabo’lsa ham while ni past simple bilankelishiniuchratishmumkin. m I watched T.V, I fell asleep.
   

Attention:

1. 
   Batafsilroq ma’lumot uchun past continuous mavzusigaqarang.
   
2. 
   While ni to’siqsiz ergash gapda ham bog’lovchi bo’lib keladi.
   

While Tom likes New York, I like London. (Ahliddin.)

After quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   After+ subject +past perfect, subject +Past simple.
   
2. 
   After+ subject +present perfect, subject +Future simple.
   
3. 
   After+ subject +present simple , subject +Future simple.
   
4. 
   After+ noun, subject +Future/Past simple.
   
5. 
   After+ V ing, subject +Future/ Past simple.
   

E X A M P L E S:

1. 
   After I had done my work, I watched T.V
   
2. 
   After Tom has written the letter, he will take it to the library.
   
3. 
   After Tom comes, we shall eat plov.
   
4. 
   After dinner we shall go/went to the park.
   
5. 
   After entering the university, we shall begin/began to learn Spanish.
   

Before quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   Before+ subject +Past simple, subject +past perfect.
   
2. 
   Before + subject +present simple, subject + Future perfect.
   
3. 
   Before + subject +present simple , subject +Future simple.
   
4. 
   Before + noun, subject + Past/Future simple.
   
5. 
   Before + V ing, subject + Future/ Past perfect.
   
6. 
   Subject + present perfect+ before.?= sodda gapda.
   

1. 
   Before I went to school, I had had breakfast.
   
2. 
   Before I go to school, I shall have had breakfast.
   
3. 
   Before I go to school, I shall have breakfast.
   
4. 
   Before dinner, I shall go/went to the park.
   
5. 
   Before dinner, I shall go/went to the park.
   
6. 
   Have I seen you before?
   

I haven’t read this book before.

Ammo: The boy next to me on the plane was frightened. He hadn’t flown before.

By the time quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   By the time + subject + past simple, subject + past perfect.
   
2. 
   By the time + subject + present simple, subject + future perfect.
   
3. 
   By the time + subject + present simple, subject + future simple. (kam)
   

1. 
   We had finished our work by the time he came.
   

By the time he came, we had finished the work.

2. 
   We shall have finished our work by the time he comes.
   
3. 
   By the time we get to the shops, they will be closed.
   

As soon as quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.

O’tgan zamonda ishlatilishi:

1. 
   As soon as +subject+ past perfect, subject+ past simple.
   
2. 
   As soon as +subject+ past simple, subject+ past simple.
   

Examples:

1. 
   As soon as Tom had come, he watched T.V.
   
2. 
   As soon as the lessons were over, we left school.
   

Kelasi zamonda ishlatilishi:

1. 
   As soon as +subject+ present simple, subject+ future simple.
   
2. 
   As soon as +subject+ present perfect, subject+ future simple.
   

E x a m p l e s:

1. 
   As soon as the boys come, we shall play football.
   
2. 
   As soon as Tom has written the letter, he will send it.
   

Since quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   Subject +present perfect(continuous), since + subject + past simple.
   

Since + subject + past simple, subject +present perfect(continuous).

2. 
   Subject + past simple. Subject +present perfect(continuous) since.
   
3. 
   Subject + past simple. Subject +past perfect(continuous) since+ subject+ verb.
   
4. 
   Subject +past perfect (continuous), since …+ when past simple.
   
5. 
   since o’zlashtirma gapda ishlatilayotganda bosh gap kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa qoidadagi
   

present perfect(cont) o’rniga past perfect(cont) ishlatiladi

Examples:

1. 
   I haven’t seen you since we left school/since 2005.
   

Since Tom came he has been watching T.V.

2. 
   Tom came 2 hours ago. He has been watching T.V.
   
3. 
   I met Tom yesterday. I hadn’t seen him since we left school.
   
4. 
   It had been raining since morning when he came.
   
5. 
   He said that he hadn’t seen Tom since morning.
   

Yodda tuting Embedded question

Ega + don’t know/doesn’t know ____ when/if Ega+ kelasi zamonFutInd

I DON’T KNOW WHEN HE WILL COME
Attention: Ingliz tilidagi ergash gaplarda ergash gap va bosh gapning gapda kelish tartibi odatda farqsiz xisoblanadi.
1. Bog’lovchi turgan gap ergash gap hisoblanadi.

2. Agar ergash gap bosh gapdan oldin kelsa tinish belgisi qo’yilamaydi. Agar bosh gap ergash gapdan oldin kelsa tinish belgisi qo’yiladi.

When Tom comes, we shall play chess.

We shall play chess, when Tom comes.
Maqsad ergash gaplar

(Adverbial Clause of Purpose)

Bog’lovchilari:

So as- maqsadida, uchun so that- deb in order to –uchun in order that – deb

Lest – bo’lmasin deb for - ucun

In order to = so as to

Subject +verb… + IN ORDER / SO AS + inf (to) bilan
Ann went to school in order/so as to see her friend.
NOTE: Agar gap darak shaklda bo’lsa bog’lovchilar tuishib qolishi mumkin.