The present simple tense

HAVE / GET- iltimos ma’nosini va pullik xizmatlarni (sartaroshxona, chevar, mashina yuvdirish) ko’rsatadi.

1. Have,get bilan aniq nisbat – bunda ish xarakat to’ldiruvchi tomonidan bajariladi.

1) active (aniq nisbat)

Ega + have + to’ldiruvchi(jonli) + v1 … ( Any tense)

2) active (aniq nisbat)

Ega + get + to’ldiruvchi(jonli) + to v1 … (any tense)

2. 
   Have,get bilan majhul nisbat – buna to’ldiruvchiga nisbatan ish xarakat bajariladi.
   

3) passive (majhul nisbat)

Ega + get / have + to’ldiruvchi(narsa) + v3 … (any tense)

1. 
   Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car ) Active
   
2. 
   Mary get John to wash the car (John washed the car ) Active
   
3. 
   Mary got the car washed (The car was washed by somebody ) Passive
   
4. 
   Mary had the car washed (The car was washed by somebody ) Passive
   

Examples of active clauses in causative sentences:

1. 
   The president had his advisors arrange a press conference
   
2. 
   George is getting his teachers to give him a made up exam
   
3. 
   Mary has had friend type all her papers
   
4. 
   John is having his father contact the officials
   
5. 
   Morris got his dog to bring him newspaper
   

Examples of passive clauses in causative sentences :

1. 
   James has his shirts cleaned at the dry cleaners
   
2. 
   Pat is having her car repaired this week
   
3. 
   Anna got her paper typed by friend
   
4. 
   Rick was having his hair cut when John called
   

MAKE

Make HAVE va GET dan ko’ra kuchliroq bo’lib – bunda buyruq orqali bajartirilgan ish – xarakatlarni ko’rsatadi.

Ma’no jihatdan u force ga teng make = force

1. 
   To’ldiruvchiga nisbatan aniq nisbat.
   

Ega + make + to’ldiruvchi+ v1 … (any tense)

The robber made the teller give him money (The robber forced the teller to give him money)

Note: S+ force + to’ldiruvchi + infinitive (to+v1)

Examples of make:

1. 
   The teacher always makes the children stay in their seats
   
2. 
   George made his son be quiet in theatre
   
3. 
   The president is making his cabinet members sign this document
   
4. 
   The teacher had made the students’ parents sign release forms before he let the students
   

jump on the trampoline

2. 
   Egaga nisbatan majhul nisbat.
   

Subject + be(am,is, are/was,were)+ made + to v1

I was made to clean the room.

Let

Let ko’p grammatika kitoblarda kauzativ fe’l sifatida beriladi Ammo let kauzativ fe’l emas Let ham allow va permit ( ruxsat bermoq) ma’nosini beradi Ammo ularni grammatikadagi farqiga e’tibor bering

Ega + let + to'ldiruvchi + v1…

Ega +allow/ permit + to’ldiruvchi +to v1 …

Examples:

1 John let his daughter swim with her friends

(John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends)

(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends)

2 The teacher let the students leave class early

3 The policeman let the suspect make one phone call
Help
Help ham ko’ grammatika kitoblarda kauzativ fe’l sifatida beriladi Ammo help aslida kauzativ fe’l emas Ammo u kauzativ fe’llari bilan bir qatorda o’rganiladi Help assist(yordam bermoq) ma’nosini beradi Yasalishiga e’tibor bering

Ega +help +to’ldiruvchi + infinitive(to+v1) yoki v1 …

1. 
   John helped Mary (to)wash the dishes
   
2. 
   George helped the old woman with packages (to) find a taxi
   
3. 
   The teacher helped Carolina (to) find the research materials
   

Ammo:Ega +haven’t +yet+infinitive(to+v1)

He hasn’t yet to marry= He hasn’t married yet
T h e i n f i n i t i v e

Infinititiv turlarini yodda saqlang
Infinitiv turlari uchun ham signal so’zlar ishlaydi

Active voice

1) simple inf - to live

2) inf cont - to be living

3) inf perfect - to have lived

4) inf perf cont - to have been living

Passive voice- majhul nisbat

5) simple inf passive - to be lived

6) inf perf pass - to have been lived
1 Sezgini bildiruvchi fe’llar: hear, see, watch,notice,
S + sezgini bildiruvchi fe’llar +to’ld (jonsiz) +V3/ being V3

Aziz heard his name mentioned three times

I saw the house built near the river

2

S + sezgini bildiruvchi fe’llar +to’ld (jonli) +V1/ V1+ing
I saw Dildora dance at the party

-Men Dildorani bazmda raqs tushganini ko’rdim (ish- xarakat tugagan)

I saw Dildora dancing at the party

-Men Dildorani bazmda raqs tushayotganini ko’rdim(ish- xarakat tugamagan)

3 passive voice- majhul nisbatda
S +to be+ sezgini bildiruvchi fe’llar +to V1

Dildora was seen to dance

4

need

S + want + to’ld(jonsiz) + Infinitive Passive(to be+v3)

require Gerund (v1+ing)

wish

I want the house to be built
5

Ega (jonsiz) +need + Infinitive Passive(to be+v3)

worth Gerund (v1+ing)

This house needs to be built

The shoes worth repairing
6

Ega (jonli) + need + Infinitive (to v1)…

He needs to drink water

7

Ega +to be in need of + ot

Abdulla is in need of money

8

S + to be + the first +Inf (to v1)

the second

the last

the next

the only

Feruza was the last to enter the univercity

9

S+ to be + far + sifat + INF(to v1)

too

enough

a bit

The exercise was too difficult to solve

10

Ega+ ask + where + infitive (to v1) Decide what Know when Remember why help how explain which+ot forget tell Understand…

The boy explained how to get to the nearest hotel

I forgot whichbook to read

11

Ega + fe’l + gumon olmoshi + Inf (to v1)

He asked somebody to read the letter

12

S+ verb + to’ld olmosh

me, him,her + Inf (to v1)

us, them,you

He asked me to do it for him

13

Ega +fe’l + egalik olmoshi

her, your + Gerund

Our, their

Yoqub’s

Akmal asked her coming to the party

14

S + to be + sifat + INF (to v1)

ravish

It is interesting to read about Great Britain

15

Ega + to be + V3 + inf (gap ma’nosiga ko’ra) + sig sozlar
V3=said, thought, supposed, believed, known, understood, considered, expected, reported

The company is believed to have lost a great number of income last year

Izoh: Yuqorida keltirilgan qoida infinitivli nominativ qoidasi asosida tayyorlangan

-They said that he is an English teacher

He is said to be an English teacher

-It is reported that prisoner has escaped through a tunnel

The prisoner is reported to have been escaped through a tunnel
16

Ega + seem + to be + sifat

appear

prove

happen

chance

Mohi seemed to be angry

17

think suppose + to be + sifat/

Ega + expect consider

believe know

find declare

I supposed you to be honest

18 Prefer, would prefer/rather had better

1)

ega + prefer + ot +to + ot

I prefer tea to coffee

2)

ega + prefer + v1 ing+ to + (v1 ing)+ot

I prefer readingbooks to (watching) T V

3)

ega + prefer + to v1 + rather than + V1

I prefer to readbooks rather than watch T V

4)

ega + prefer + to v1 / V1 ing (hobby)

I prefer to read/readingbooks

5)

Ega + would prefer (‘d prefer) + to + V1

I’d prefer to play chess rather than play football

6)

Ega +would rather (‘d rather) + V1 (smth) +than + V1(smth)

I’d rather play chess than play football

6)

Ega +would rather(‘d rather) + to’ld(jonli) +V2

I’d rather you cleaned the room

7)

Ega + had better/would sooner + V1

I had better play chess

Ba’zi fe’llarning infinitive va gerund bilan ishlatilishi
Stop biror narsa qilish uchun to’xtasa (ga) “to”

o’zi qilishdan to’xtasa “ing”

Try Sinab ko’rmoq, xarakat qilmoq “ing”

urinmoq(kuch ishlatmoq) “to”

Like enjoy” manosida kelsa “ing”

yoqtirmoq manosida kelsa “to”

Remember qilgan ishiga “ing”

endi qiladigan ishiga “to”

Regret __ biror ish qilsa song afsuslansa “ing”

endi qiladigan ishlariga afsuslansa “to”

Go on bajarayotgan ishini davom etsa “ing”

ishni tugatib boshqasini davom etsa “to”

forget endi qiladigan ishini unutsa “ to”

qilgan ishini unutgan bo’lsa “ing”

Sorry for endi bo’ladigan ishlarga “to”

qilgan ishga uzr so’rasa “ing”

Afraid Biror ish qilishdan qorqsa “ing”

Biror ish bo’lishdan qo’rqsa “to”

I am afraid to tell my parents about broken window. I don’t know what to do

I am afraid walking on icy path.