The objectives of covid-19 surveillance are to: • monitor sars-cov-2 incidence and covid-19 morbidity and mortality



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WHO-2019-nCoV-Surveillance-Guidance-2022.1-eng

Risk factors for severe disease

Age more than 60 years (increasing with age). 

Underlying noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, chronic lung disease, 
cerebrovascular disease, dementia, mental disorders, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, HIV, obesity and 
cancer have been associated with higher mortality. 

Other risk factors associated with higher risk include: smoking and higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) 
score and D-
dimer >1 µg/L on admission were associated with higher mortality

In pregnancy, increasing maternal age, high BMI, non-white ethnicity (in specific settings) , chronic conditions and 
pregnancy specific conditions such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia
Further guidance can be found in 
COVID-19 Clinical management: living guidance
7
.
“High-risk” or vulnerable populations 
These populations include: 
-
People aged 

60 years and/or with comorbidities that increase the risk of severe disease;
-
Disadvantaged groups such as refugees, internally displaced people, migrants, and vulnerable communities; those in high 
density/low resource settings (e.g., camps, informal settlements, slums, places of detention) and lower income groups;
-
Health workers, defined 
by WHO
 as all people engaged in actions with the primary intent of enhancing health, including 
social care workers who often have roles in the provision of care in long-term care facilities and in community settings. 
See 
IASC guidance
8
and 
Public health and social measures for COVID-19 preparedness and response in low capacity and 
humanitarian settings
9
for further details. 
1.5.
Variant definitions 
WHO definitions of Variants of Interest and Variants of Concern can be found 
here
10
. These are working definitions and may be 
updated regularly:

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