FIGURE 4:
Transparency scores by the 4th edition of Open Data Barometer
catalogues. For example, the Open Data Initiative of the Gov-
ernment of Spain
23
is a clear proof of how Spain encourages
transparency. OSINT could benefit from that, but it should
deal with aggregated and statistical information by linking it
and inferring new knowledge.
There are also anonymized databases that, a priori, would
not be useful for OSINT because they lack the value to
produce intelligence. These so-called anonymous datasets do
not break the link between the data and its owner, apparently.
Recently, an algorithm [75] has been published allowing
99.98% of Americans to be unequivocally identified from
public data. In particular, it is enough to have 15 parameters
related to medical, behavioral and socio-demographic infor-
mation such as marital status, sex or the zip code of their
home. Therefore, OSINT could again be used to re-identify
people collected in anonymized databases.
On the contrary, there are also governmental plat-
forms which are actually not anonymized. For instance,
the Spanish Ministry of the Treasury, the Spanish Min-
istry of the Interior or the Spanish Ministry of De-
fense usually publish documents with personal infor-
mation
(“site:hacienda.gob.es filetype:pdf
intext:dni
”, for example). In the same way, this could be
also applied to Spanish Autonomous Communities websites.
Moreover, Europe has a public data platform
24
too, where
we could find a lot of public information. For instance,
in the context of foreign policy and security, an updated
list of financial sanctions is presented in the “European
23
https://datos.gob.es/es
24
http://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data
Union Consolidated Financial Sanctions List
" document. In
particular, it reveals personal information about individuals,
groups and entities.
All the aforementioned facts demonstrate that govern-
ments worldwide are adopting strong Open Data policies. As
a direct consequence, the amount of objective data available
on the Internet is rapidly increasing. OSINT should, in ad-
dition to other open sources of information, take advantage
of this powerful opportunity to collect, analyze, link and
infer knowledge from reliable and official sources. In this
scenario, and according to the ODB, countries such as United
Kingdom, Canada, France, United States, Korea, Australia,
New Zealand, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, or Brazil are real
OSINT goldmines with very similar characteristics to those
commented for Spain.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |